Chronic periodontitis in children and adolescents holds a lead place in morbidity pattern of dental pathology. Development of chronic periodontitis is accompanied by emergence of various complications in the maxillofacial region, leading to bite disturbance being of high relevance for pediatric patients. These and other complications are related to immune system immaturity in children and adolescents as well as virulence of microorganisms. However, the immunological changes developing in children with chronic periodontitis remain poorly studied. The aim of the work was to improve diagnostics of chronic periodontitis in children and adolescents based on informative parameters of systemic immunity and discriminative models taking into account such changes. We examined systemic immunity in 127 children and adolescents with chronic periodontitis, aged 12 to 16 years, by using flow cytometry and enzyme immunoassay. In control group, age-matched 108 patients lacking overt somatic and dental pathology were enrolled. Generation of mathematical models was carried out by using a discriminative approach, whereas informativeness was assessed in accordance with generally accepted formula. Relative and absolute count of peripheral blood CD13+ cells exert the peak informativeness holding the first and second ranking places with marked dominance of informativeness value for assessing relative amount of CD13+ cells are among immunological parameters in children with chronic periodontitis. High informativeness value evidencing about pronounced intensity of developed pathological changes and diagnostic significance for chronic periodontitis in children is intrinsic to the relative percentage of peripheral blood CD8+ cells being slightly lower than that one in absolute count of CD13+ cells. On the other hand, humoral immune-parameters were of lowest informative value among all analyzed immunological parameters in patients with chronic periodontitis serum referring to all antibody classes. Generated discriminative models for the most valuable immunological parameters ensure adequate medical diagnostics for chronic periodontitis in childhood. Diagnostic sensitivity for created mathematical models was high and reached 0.94, whereas diagnostic specificity — 0.92. Immunological examination of patients improves diagnostics of chronic periodontitis. It was found that patients with chronic periodontitis had lowered immune status peaking in decreased absolute and relative count of peripheral blood CD3+ lymphocytes. Finally, parameters of humoral immunity in children with chronic periodontitis were also reduced.
Global climate change is an important factor determining the dynamics and significant parameters of the development of the world economy in general and Russian economy in particular. Thus, specific methodological approaches and models should be developed to assess the climate — economy relationship in order to make science-based management decisions. The research aims to create and test a methodology for analysing the relationship between climate and urban economic development in Russian cities. Data of the Federal State Statistics Service was examined; the average annual temperature was calculated according to the information presented on the Weather and Climate portal. The study considers Russian cities with a population of over 100 thousand people in the period from 2009 to 2019. A communication coordination coefficient (CCC), determining the existence and extent of the relationship between climate and economy in Russian cities, can be obtained using the calculations presented in the author’s methodology. Moscow and Saint Petersburg are characterised by stably high values of CCC. The coefficient values range from uncoordinated to base level. The best communication coordination is observed in economically developed cities. Generally, the climate — economy relationship in Russian cities is characterised by a high differentiation and spatial heterogeneity of the communication coordination coefficient, since the Gini coefficient for this indicator varies from 0.56 (Ural Federal District in 2019) to 0.88 (Central Federal District in 2017, 2019). The lack of significant changes in the dynamics of communication coordination in the period 2009-2019 indicates the stability of Russian urban systems. The obtained quantitative estimates may become a prerequisite for the creation of an environmental and economic development management section in urban strategies and part of the environmental policy of Russian regions.
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