The research featured consumer properties of 18 varieties of apples, 12 varieties of pears, and 6 varieties of strawberries grown in the Republic of Belarus. The research objective was to study the sensory component composition of apples, pears, and strawberries to select varieties with the best consumer properties. Hexylacetate was detected in Charovnitsa, Zaslavskoye, Belarusian Sinap, and Pamyat Sikory apples. As for the pear varieties, Alesya, Belan, and Krasavita were found to contain butylbutanoate and hexylbutanoate. In all the samples of fresh pears, aroma-forming esters were mainly represented by hexylacetate and butyl acetate. Pears that reached full ripeness contained esters of unsaturated acids that are responsible for a characteristic pear flavor: methyl 2.4-decadienoate and two isomers of (cis-, trans-) ethyl-2.4-decadienoate. All the samples of strawberry contained linalool, which gives a floral flavor. Its quantity differed according to the variety: from 0.4% (Rusish variety) to 4.53% (Alpha variety). The apple varieties of Pamyat Kovalenko, Krasavita, and Dyayment had a high content of sugars (≥ 10%). Charovnitsa, Belana, and Zorka had a low acidity and can be recommended for the production of juice products for children. All the studied varieties of pears had a low sugar content (about 7%) and organic acids (≤ 0.3%), which also makes them suitable for children. The average acid content for strawberry was 9.1 g/kg, while the predominant acid was citric. However, Belarusian strawberries contained less sugar than stated in the databases, an average of 52.5 g/kg. Belana, Dyayment, Zorka, and Charovnitsa apples and Pamyat Yakovleva pears demonstrated a high sugar-acid index and the most harmonious taste. Garden strawberries had a low sugar-acid index value, not more than 6.2. The samples revealed various amounts of catechins, phenolic acids, flavonols, and anthocyanins. The obtained data on the component composition of 18 varieties of apples, 12 varieties of pears, and 6 varieties of garden strawberries of the B elarusian selection can serve as a marker of the authenticity of products by comparing with the existing database of basic quality indicators and the composition of raw materials.
В формировании потребительских предпочтений важная роль отводится внешнему виду и аромату пищевых продуктов. При выпечке хлебобулочных изделий в процессе меланоидинообразования происходит изменение цвета и появление характерного хлебного запаха. Целью работы явилось исследование ароматобразующих веществ и цветовых характеристик белого пшеничного хлеба, подверженного термической обработке. Объектами исследований служили образцы белого пшеничного хлеба, нагревание которых проводили в сушильном шкафу при температурах 90, 120, 150, 180 и 210°С с интервалом в 10 мин на протяжении 2 ч. Исследование летучих компонентов осуществляли методом газовой хроматографии с масс-селективным детектированием. Образцы фиксировали фотоаппаратом Canon EOS 750D. В результате исследований обнаружено более 120 летучих веществ, идентифицировано 76, из них 31 существенно влияет на аромат белого хлеба. В основном это карбонильные соединения и низшие жирные кислоты, а также спирты, сложные эфиры и некоторые серосодержащие соединения. Анализ изменения цветовых характеристик белого пшеничного хлеба показал, что с увеличением температуры нагревания наблюдается значительное потемнение образцов. Если при температуре 90°С происходит еще незначительное изменение цвета, даже после 2-часового воздействия, то при увеличении температуры до 180–210°С цвет образцов хлеба темнеет в первые 10 мин и в последующем меняется незначительно. Таким образом, результаты исследований показали, что температуру и длительность обжарки необходимо оптимизировать для создания наиболее востребованных потребительских свойств продукта. In the formation of consumer preferences FOR food an important role belongs to appearance and aroma. At baking as a result of the melanoid formation process the color changes and typical of bread aroma appears. The purpose of work was studying the aroma-forming substances and color characteristics of the white bread at heat treatment. The objects of the research were samples of white bread heated in a drying oven at temperatures of 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210°C with a time interval of 10 minutes for 2 hours. The volatiles were investigated by gas chromatography with mass-selective detection. The image was recorded on a Canon EOS 750D camera. As a result of the research more than 120 volatile substances were detected, it is identified 76 from which 31 make an essential contribution to aroma of white bread. Basically, these are carbonyl compounds and lower fatty acids, as well as alcohols, esters and some sulfur-containing compounds. An analysis of the change in the color characteristics of white bread showed that with an increase in the heating temperature a significant darkening of the samples is observed. At a temperature of 90°C there is still a slight color change even after a 2-hour exposure to temperature, then as the temperature increases to 180–210°C, the color of the bread samples becomes darker within the first 10 minutes and then changes insignificantly. Thus, the results of research have shown that the temperature and duration of roasting should be optimized to create the most popular consumer properties of the product.
Relevance and methods. Pumpkin fruits and seeds are valuable raw materials for the food and pharmaceutical industries. Of particular value are pumpkin seeds, from which oil and protein products are obtained. The purpose of our research is to identify the best breeding samples of pumpkin in terms of seed yield and pumpkin oil and to study their biochemical composition. The evaluation of 12 samples of pumpkin was carried out according to the main economic and biological characteristics. Results. According to the yield of seeds and the yield of pumpkin oil, the following samples were distinguished: Delta, Golosemyanno-kustovaya, Line 2-3, Line 2-5. The biochemical composition of seed samples with high seed yields was studied in terms of the content of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. A biochemical analysis of pumpkin seed oil for fatty acids, sterols and minerals was carried out. Seeds of hard-barked pumpkin of Belarusian selection are sources of high protein content (34-35%) with a wide range of essential amino acids, fats (43-45.8%), unsaturated and saturated fatty acids, as well as carbohydrates (9.6-11.9%) , a number of vitamins, macro- and microelements.
Исследовано влияние температуры и длительности нагревания на деградацию аминокислот в пищевых продуктах. Образцы белого пшеничного хлеба подвергали термической обработке при температурах 90, 120, 150 и 180°С с интервалом в 30 мин в течение 2 ч. Количество аминокислот определяли методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии с предколоночной дериватизацией с использованием о-фталевого альдегида. Установлено, что с повышением температуры и увеличением длительности нагревания наблюдается снижение содержания аминокислот. Определены особенности реагирования аминокислот на воздействие температуры. Установлено, что на снижение содержания аспарагиновой кислоты в большей степени влияет высокая температура, чем время термообработки. Заметное снижение содержания тирозина в образцах выявлено при термообработке в течение 30–60 мин при температуре 180°С. Для аргинина характерно линейное снижение содержания при температуре 120–180°С. Содержание гистидина медленнее снижается при незначительном повышении температуры, а при высоких температурах увеличение времени термообработки ускоряет реакцию. Количество лизина существенно снижается при повышении температуры, а время нагревания влияет незначительно, причем чем выше температура, тем меньше влияние продолжительности нагревания. Отмечено повышение содержания отдельных аминокислот, что, возможно, связано с процессом ресинтеза. The aim of the work – study the effect of temperature and heating time on the degradation of amino acids. In the studies, samples of white wheat bread were heat treated at temperatures of 90, 120, 150 and 180°C with a time interval of 30 min for 2 h. Determination of the number of amino acids was carried out using HPLC from pre-columnar derivatization using o-phthalic aldehyde. It is established that with temperature increase and increase in duration of heating decrease in content of amino acids is observed. Some peculiarities of the reaction of amino acids to the effect of temperature have been established. For example, the decrease in the content of aspartic acid is more affected by the high temperature than the time of heat treatment. A noticeable decrease in tyrosine content is observed during heat treatment for 30–60 min at a temperature of 180°C. For arginine it is characterized by a linear decrease of the content in the range of 120–180°C. Histidine slows down with a slight increase in temperature, and at high temperatures, an increase of the heat treatment time accelerates the reaction. The amount of lysine falls more strongly with increasing temperature, and the heating time affects slightly, and, the higher the temperature, the less time affects. An increase in the content of individual amino acids is also noted, which is probably connected with the process of resynthesis.
Исследовано влияние термообработки на органолептические показатели образцов сухого обезжиренного молока (СОМ) массой 5 г. Исследованные образцы выдерживали при температурах 120, 150, 180 и 210 °С с интервалом 10 мин на протяжении 2 ч в сушильном шкафу. Фотосъемку образцов проводили фотоаппаратом Canon EOS 750D; объективом Canon EF-S 17–55 мм f/2.8 IS USM; режим съемки: ISO 400, f 5.6, выдержка 1/60. Содержание летучих ароматобразующих соединений исследовали методом газовой хроматографии с масс-селективным детектированием c использованием системы Agilent Technologies 7010 B, разделение компонентов проводили на капиллярной колонке. Условия хроматографического анализа: начальная температура колонки 40°С (2 мин); нагревание колонки со скоростью 10°С/мин до температуры 240°С; выдержка 8 мин; температура инжектора 250°С; температура детектора 280°С; скорость потока газа-носителя (гелий) 0,5 мл/мин. Масс-спектры регистрировали в диапазоне 40–500 m/z, энергия ионизации 70 eV, температура ионного источника 200°С, температура интерфейса 250° C. Установлено, что с увеличением температуры нагревания СОМ наблюдается существенное потемнение образцов. При температуре 120°С отмечено незначительное изменение цвета даже при длительном нагревании, но с повышением температуры до 180–210°С наблюдалось значительное изменение цветовых характеристик, вплоть до полного обугливания. В образцах обнаружено более 100 летучих веществ, из которых идентифицировано 88. Установлено, что аромат сухого обезжиренного молока формируют летучие ароматобразующие соединения: пропен-2-амин-1, бутил-1, толуол, бицикло[3.2.0]гептадиен-2,6, 1,3,5-циклогептатриен, 2-фуранметанол, α-пинен, β-оцимен, этилгексаноат, лимонен, 2-пропенил-пропаноат, нонаналь, мальтол, деканаль, цис-вербенон. The influence of thermal treatment on the organoleptic characteristics of skim milk powder was studied. The test samples were kept at temperatures of 120, 150, 180 and 210°C with interval of 10 min for 2 h in a drying cabinet. Photographing of the samples was carried out with a Canon EOS 750D camera; the Canon EF-S 17–55 mm f/2.8 IS USM lens; shooting mode: ISO 400, f 5.6, shutter speed 1/60. The content of volatile aroma-forming compounds was investigated by gas chromatography with mass-selective detection using Agilent Technologies 7010 B, the components were separated on a capillary column. Chromatographic analysis conditions: initial column temperature 40°C (2 min); heating the column at a rate of 10°C/min to a temperature of 240°C; 8 min exposure; injector temperature 250°C; temperature of the detector 280°C; the flow velocity of the carrier gas (helium) is 0,5 ml/min. Mass-spectres were registered in the range 40–500 m/z, ionization energy 70 eV, temperature of the ion source 200°C, interface temperature 250°C. It was found that with an increase in the heating temperature of the powder skim milk, a significant darkening of the samples is observed. At a temperature of 120°C there was a slight color change during prolonged heating, with a rise in temperature to 180–210°C, a significant change in the color characteristics was observed, up to complete charring. In studies using gas chromatography with mass-selective detection in skim milk powder, after heat treatment, more than 100 volatile substances were detected, of which 88 were identified. It was found that the aroma of skim milk powder is mainly formed by the following volatile aroma-forming compounds: propen-2-amine-1, butyl-1, toluene, bicyclo[3.2.0]heptadiene-2,6, 1,3,5-cycloheptatriene, 2-furanmethanol, α-pinene, β-ocimene, ethylhexanoate, limonene, 2-propenyl-propanoate, nonanal, maltol, decanal and cis-verbenone.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.