4-oxo-4H-pyran-2.6-dicarboxylic acid (chelidonic acid, ChA) in the native state and in the complex with calcium [Ca(ChA)(H2O)3], named saucalchelin (CaChA), was isolated from the extract of Saussurea controversa leaves for the first time for the Asteraceae family. The structure of ChA was determined by NMR, MS and confirmed by X-ray analysis of its monomethyl ester, and CaChA was described by IR, ICP-MS, CHN analysis. The yield of ChA and CaChA was 45 mg/g and 70 mg/g of extract, respectively. The osteogenic activity of ChA, n-monobutyl ester of chelidonic acid, and CaChA has been studied in vitro in a 21-day culture of human adipose-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMMSCs) in a standard nutrient medium without osteogenic supplements. CaChA significantly stimulated the growth of cell mass and differentiation of hAMMSCs into osteoblasts with subsequent mineralization of the culture and it may be a promising substance for accelerating bone tissue regeneration and engineering.

Five flavonoids were isolated from leaves of Saussurea controversa, one new flavonoid (5), three described for the first time from the genus Saussurea (1, 2, and 4), and one described previously (3). A number of flavonol glycosides can be easily isolated from the butanol fraction of the ethanol extract from S. controversa. As a result of separating these using column chromatography on silica gel and microcrystalline cellulose, five glycosides of quercetin were isolated in the proportional relationship of 2 (1): 8 (2): 10 (3): 1 (4): 4 (5). The structure of these substances was determined using the method of NMR by conducting various 1H-1H and 1H-13C correlation spectroscopy experiments and by comparing their spectroscopic data with published values, 5,3/,4/-trihydroxyflavone-7-О-α-L-rhamnopyranoside-3-О-β-D-glucopyranosidе (1), 5,7,3/,4/-tetrahydroxyflavone-3-О-β-D-glucopyranoside-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside-(1→6)-О-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (2), 5,7,3/,4/-tetrahydroxyflavone-3-О-β-D-glucopyranoside-(1→6)-О-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (3), 5,3/,4/-trihydroxyflavone-7-О-α-L-rhamnopyranoside-3-О-β-D-xylopyranoside (4), and 5,3/,4/-trihydroxyflavone-7-О-β-D-glucopyranoside-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside-(1→2)-О-β-D-glucopyranoside (5). It was established for the first time that flavonol glycosides from S. controversa stimulate granulopoiesis and lymphopoiesis in the bone marrow of rats, and enhance the reparative process in the affected area in experimental osteomyelitis.

The effects of hypoxic, hyperoxic, and hypoxic-hyperoxic preconditioning were examined in the prospective study on narcotized and artificially ventilated rabbits. Under artificial circulation, acute myocardial ischemia was modeled by ligation of anterior descending coronary artery, which was followed by reperfusion. The degree of ventricular arrhythmias was assessed, and the ischemic area was evaluated in percent of the area at risk. Microscopic characterization of the myocardium was employed to assess the cardioprotective effect of hypoxic and/or hyperoxic preconditioning. According to Kruskal-Wallis test, the greatest resistance of the myocardium to ischemic and reperfusion injury was observed after hypoxic-hyperoxic preconditioning (H=42.459; p=0.009). The rabbits subjected to this type of preconditioning demonstrated the least damaged myocardium in comparison with nonconditioned controls.

Aims To identify an imbalance of cardiac remodeling mediators and monocytes subpopulation in blood, distribution of myocardium macrophages in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP). Methods The study engaged 30 patients with ICMP, 26 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) without ICMP, 15 healthy donors. Concentrations of TGFβ, MMP-9, MCP-1, galectin-3 were measured in plasma of blood from the coronary sinus and peripheral blood in CHD patients, as well as in peripheral blood in healthy donors, by enzyme immunoassay method. The ration of classical, intermediate, non-classical, transitional monocytes in peripheral blood of patients and healthy donors was assessed by flow cytometry (expression CD14, CD16); the content of CD68+ macrophages in myocardium – by immunohistochemistry method. Results In both samples of blood, the content of galectin-3 in patients with ICMP was higher than in CHD patients without ICMP and the level of TGFβ was comparable between the groups. At ICMP, the concentration of MMP-9 in sinus blood was higher than that in CHD patients without ICMP in whom an excess of MCP-1 in the general blood flow was determined. The density of distribution of CD68+ cells in the myocardium in patients with ICMP was higher in the perianeurysmal zone than in the right atrium appendage. ICMP was characterized by a deficiency of non-classical monocytes, and CHD without ICMP – by an excess of intermediate cells in peripheral blood. Conclusion Myocardium remodeling at ICMP is mediated by not so much TGFβ but intracardiac galectin-3, which determines the subpopulation composition of blood monocytes.

The capacity of mouse bone marrow cells to adhere to calcium phosphate surfaces and form tissue plates depending on the surface relief and solubility was studied in ectopic bone formation test. Calcium phosphate coating of titanium disks, made by the anodic spark (microarch) oxidation in 10% orthophosphoric acid with hydroxyl apatite particles, differed by the structure (thickness of coating, size of pores, and roughness) and solubility (level of in vitro oxidation of 1-week extracts of implants). Chemical (phasic and element) composition of the studied calcium phosphate coatings was virtually the same. The findings indicate that histogenesis is regulated by physicochemical characteristics of the implant surface. It seems that the osteogenic potential of calcium phosphate surfaces is largely determined by their relief, but not by pH of degradation products.

No abstract

Цель. Провести морфофункциональную характеристику эпителиоцитов ацинусов и протоков поднижнечелюстных слюнных желез (ПСЖ) половозрелых крыс на фоне многократной ампутации резцов. Материалы и методы. Эксперимент проведен на половозрелых (возраст 2 мес) белых беспородных самцах крыс, разделенных на группы: интактная, контрольная и группа крыс, подвергшихся многократной ампутации резцов. При помощи гистологических, гистохимических и морфометрических методов оценено морфофункциональное состояние эпителиоцитов протоков и ацинусов ПСЖ половозрелых крыс на 2-, 3-, 4-, 6-, 8-, 10-и 12-й нед после первой ампутации резцов. Результаты. После многократной ампутации резцов наблюдается увеличение площади ацинусов ПСЖ на 3-10-й нед эксперимента. Функциональная активность клеток протоков и ацинусов поднижнечелюстных желез снижается на 2-4-й нед эксперимента. * отличие от аналогичного показателя животных интактной группы; # отличие от показателя предыдущей недели ýтой же группы, достигнутый уровень значимости р < 0,05.

Целью исследования явилась оценка вклада тканевых и клеточных структур в развитие ремоделирования слизистой оболочки бронхов у больных с тяжелой формой терапевтическичувствительной бронхиальной астмы (БА) и хронической обструктивной болезни легких (ХОБЛ). Впервые проводили морфологическое и морфометрическое исследование бронхобиоптатов слизистой оболочки у этой группы пациентов. При БА гистологические изменения связаны с увеличением общего числа иммунокомпетентных клеток, утолщением базальной мембраны и выраженной бокаловидноклеточной гиперплазией. О гетерогенности ремоделирования слизистой оболочки бронхов позволяют судить индексы бокаловидноклеточной и базальноклеточной гиперплазии. ХОБЛ сопровождается формированием нейтрофильного типа воспаления в бронхиальном дереве с развитием плоскоклеточной метаплазии и базальноклеточной пролиферации эпителиального пласта с последующим развитием фиброза собственной пластинки слизистой оболочки.