The article is devoted to the analysis of possibilities of using alternative types of fuel in transport. Gas engine fuels are considered as potential energy carriers for diesel engines. Since the constructions of vehicles, using gas and traditional types of fuel, have some differences, the most important are the issues of ensuring trouble-free operation: the reliability of design, the development of petrol station chain, and the corporate service system. One of the ways of solving the problem of forecasting the need to expand the network of gas-filling stations for natural gas vehicles (NGV)is presented in the work. It is implemented in the form of program module that allows taking into account the prospects for expansion of the natural gas vehicles park, as well as the risks, which may arise in the process of realization of the long-term strategies for the development of this direction. The issues of ensuring the operational reliability of NGV are considered. The developed methods are aimed at improving the corporate service system of PJSC "KAMAZ". Fundamental defects of gasengines and failures distribution, depending on the operational kilometers, arising in the warranty period of operation, are analyzed in the work.
Ключевые слова: анализ эффективности, поддержка промышленности, регион Аннотация Предмет. Оценка эффективности реализации региональных мер поддержки промышленных предприятий. Цели. Определение направлений проведения анализа и индикаторов эффективности реализации мер поддержки предприятий, поиск узких мест и разработка мероприятий по повышению эффективности реализации промышленной политики региона. Методология. Использованы методы сравнительного и факторного анализа. Результаты. Рассмотрены современные тенденции индустриального развития старопромышленных регионов Большого Урала. Разработаны методические положения и проведен анализ состояния и динамики развития промышленного комплекса Свердловской области относительно других регионов Большого Урала с точки зрения учета возможностей достижения тактических и успешного решения стратегических задач. Обосновано, что в качестве тактических задач для отечественных промышленных предприятий необходимо рассматривать рост объемов производства и безубыточность деятельности. Разработаны направления, методы и механизмы региональной поддержки промышленных предприятий, обеспечивающие рациональное использование потенциала индустриально развитых регионов. Выводы. При разработке качественно новой региональной промышленной политики необходимо учитывать результаты оценки применяемых мер государственной поддержки предприятий, а также выявленные возможности их корректировки.
The state’s transport system, which ensures the movement of goods and people, is an essential component of its economy, but at the same time one of the main sources of negative environmental impact. The main task of designing, creating and maintaining the transport systems’ sustainability in urban areas is to address their safety, reliability and environmental friendliness. The urbanized territory parameters (size, layout, etc.) have a significant impact on the any activity’s development, including transport and logistics. By analysing the influence of various factors on the transport system’s sustainability and identifying common patterns, it is possible to build rational management of the transport system and increase its reliability and security. The article is devoted to the motor transports’ environmental problems in small cities, where it is impossible to apply large and expensive solutions. The study’s goal is to develop tools for organizing traffic in the conditions of the vehicles fleet rapid growth. To this end, we have proposed an intelligent traffic control system, the intellectual core of which is simulation models of road network problem areas. Using specific examples, it is shown that in some cases there is no need to apply expensive solutions to reduce the negative vehicles impact on the environment’s ecological state, and, often, rational management can lead to the desired result. Performing a computer experiment on the constructed simulation models showed that there is considerable potential for improving the traffic flows parameters in these areas and reducing the negative impact on the environment.
In modern conditions, the problem of waste pollution of the earth bowels, the atmosphere, natural and artificial water areas is especially acute. Domestic wastes are incinerated or taken to a landfill, as a result, there is an environmental damage – the area of alienated land resources increases and the atmosphere is polluted. The negative impact of municipal solid waste (MSW) on the environment, leading to climate change, an increase in the greenhouse effect and an increase in the number of natural hazards, makes it necessary to search for solutions to reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere, increase the energy efficiency of processes, in particular, in transport systems, due to fuel efficiency using. The most negative impact on the state of the air environment is exerted by emissions in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, including those using natural gas, nitrogen monoxides and dioxides as fuel. Reducing harmful emissions is possible, for example, by improving the technology for producing generator gas as an alternative fuel, which makes it possible to reduce the concentration of nitrogen oxides in any devices for burning up solid, liquid and gaseous fuels in internal combustion engines. The article discusses the issues of waste generation and their impact on the environment, the technologies for rational use of natural resources in transport and methods for improving waste processing technologies are presented. A new horizontal design of a combined automobile gas generator has been developed. It makes it possible to transfer the power supply from liquid motor fuel to generator gas produced from woodworking industry waste, agricultural waste, solid household and polyethylene-containing waste. This will reduce pollution of the world’s oceans by slowly decomposing polyethylene, which are now acquiring the character of a disaster on a planetary scale. An increase in the environmental level of gasoline engines and a decrease of the amount of waste during the operation of road transport will be achieved with the modernization of the waste processing plant to obtain energy carriers for transport. In its turn, it will make it possible to form a natural and technical system to ensure environmental safety and protect the natural environment.
The article describes the method of solving problems in the planning of goods delivery routes.Field investigations of traffic were conducted. Simulation model, which took into account traffic,the road geometry, weather conditions was built. Model experiments were conducted. After that routes were optimized. It was found that the proposed system will help to facilitate work in the field of intra-urban distribution of goods
This paper presents a study of the international car market; analysis of the development of automotive markets in Europe and Russia’s national car market; a review of the global car market; and international trading activity in the car market. Japan’s automotive industry is signifiantly developed with Toyota as one of the world’s leaders. Also, in addition to cars, Japanese companies are among the leaders in the production of motorcycles and engines for cars participating in sports races. Japanese legislation encourages the production and sale of cars with high environmental friendliness, hybrid and electric cars. This step allows companies to focus their production on a new class of cars, which helps Japanese companies outstrip European and American cars of the future. However, cars’ air pollution is relevant for Japan since the state subsidizes automakers and consumers, reducing taxes and supporting companies that switch to hybrid vehicles.
In article possible situations options of driving in limited visibility conditions are analysed. Natural researches of movement parameters on such street road network areas are conducted. Transport streams parameters are determined, imitating models are constructed and experiments on them are made at different loads of a street road network. Situation improvement options on difficult areas are offered. Performed the checks on models and the assessment of efficiency of the proposed solutions is carried out.
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