The aim of the study is to identify the association between the severity of maxillofacial trauma and its origin. The study has included 58 cases of facial bone fractures in children of different ages received in different circumstances. All patients were treated in Maxillofacial Department of Voronezh Regional Pediatric Hospital № 2. In this paper it is shown that the gravity of the injury is directly dependent on the forces of the action of damaging factors, which is determined by the circumstances of an injury. The injuries are divided into two groups: low-speed trauma group and high-speed trauma group. The study has proved the necessity to reveal the separate group, i.e. medium-speed group of the traumas typical for children (a fall from a bike, a playground trauma). The results of this study are the following: the most frequent trauma in children is a low-speed trauma (a fall from one’s height, a criminal trauma), the most severe trauma is a high-speed-one (a high fall, road-traffic accidents, a blow into a face from a cattle).
In article possible situations options of driving in limited visibility conditions are analysed. Natural researches of movement parameters on such street road network areas are conducted. Transport streams parameters are determined, imitating models are constructed and experiments on them are made at different loads of a street road network. Situation improvement options on difficult areas are offered. Performed the checks on models and the assessment of efficiency of the proposed solutions is carried out.
The choice of treatment of facial bone fractures in the early age remains a challenge for dentists and maxillofacial surgeons due to the peculiarities of child organism. The purpose of this study was to develop a differential approach to the choice of treatment of children´s facial bone fractures taking into account the age of a child, location of injury and possible complications. This paper presents the analysis of current epidemiological situation regarding to facial bone fractures in children in Voronezh city and Voronezh region. It is shown that the most common injuries is a fall from a height of its own growth, i.e. low-trauma; at the same time the number of high-speed traumas, such as road-traffic accidents, high falls, has decreased. The analysis was carried out 58 cases of facial bone fractures in a group of children from 1 month to 16 years being treated in Maxillofacial Department of Voronezh Regional Pediatric Hospital №2. The developed model of differential choice of treatment of facial bone fractures in children allows to choosing the method taking into account a child age, location of injury and severity, as well as possible consequences of surgery. The clinical monitoring has proved the efficacy of the model which gives an opportunity to decrease post-traumatic complications associated with growth and occlusion deformations as well as complications of inflammatory genesis. It was convincingly shown the need for follow-up care of children with facial fracture that the doctor-orthodontist should continue. The presented data of this study about correlation between surgical and conservative treatment of facial bone fractures in children coincide with the worldwide statistics showing the current tendency to a wide application of mini-invasive methods of fractures fragments immobilization.
In this literature review, the authors examine the actual problem in dentistry - the modern criteria for evaluation of aesthetic results of orthopedic treatment, they analyze the main objectives of treatment to improve the aesthetic parameters, such as: restore the functions of mastication and speech formation, normalization aesthetic appearance and eliminating the negative impact of a partial or complete absence of teeth, and defects and deformities of the jaws that affect the mental state of the patient. Often, the desire to eliminate blemishes, enhance facial contours encourages patients to visit a dental clinic. Thus, the functional defects bother them less. Evaluation of aesthetic results is a very important problem in dental treatment, as because of violations of the communicative and social functions associated with the aesthetic perception of their own persons, patients in many cases, feel the psychological tension and discomfort, especially teenagers, children, women suffer from this. Often these patients turn in on themselve, their social circle is shrinking and interest in life decreases. Aesthetic dental defects of the mouth constrain open smile, people tend to speak slightly opening the lips, many people think that others are carefully looking out for their defects. Based on this problem the authors describe the basic criteria for evaluation of aesthetic results of dental treatment.
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