Review discusses the mechanisms of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of flavonoids. In discussing the antioxidant effect detail the mechanisms of scavenging of reactive oxygen species, the chelation of transition metals, the activation of antioxidant enzymes. In consideration of anti-inflammatory action emphasis on the effects of flavonoids on the activity of the transcription factors and pathways involved in the formation of the inflammatory response. (For citation: Zverev YaF. Flavonoids through the eyes of a pharmacologist. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. 2017;15(4):5-13. doi: 10.17816/RCF1545-13).
The review focused on pharmacokinetics of the six major subclasses of flavonoids: their distribution, consumption and metabolism. Particular attention is paid to the problem of the bioavailability of these plant polyphenolic compounds, the differences of the effects obtained in experiments in vitro and in vivo. Discusses the dependence of the efficiency of flavonoids by the characteristics of the processes of metabolism in humans. Emphasizes the role of the epithelium of small intestine and microbiota of the colon in ensuring biological activity of flavonoids. (For citation: Zverev YaF. Flavonoids through the eyes of a pharmacologist. Features and problems of pharmacokinetics. Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. 2017;15(2):4-11. doi: 10.17816/RCF1524-11).
The literature review is devoted to the study of the mechanisms of the cardioprotective action of a new class of glucose-lowering drugs glyflozins, which inhibit the joint transport of sodium and glucose in the proximal renal tubules. The large-scale clinical trials carried out in recent years have demonstrated the beneficial effect of these compounds not only on glycemic control, but also on the progression of heart failure in patients with diabetes mellitus. Analysis of literature data shows that the effect under consideration is due to both the positive systemic cardiovascular and direct cardiotropic action of the drugs. The first part of the review examines the systemic effect of drugs, including their diuretic, natriuretic and antihypertensive effects, increased hematocrit, vascular effects that influence arterial stiffness, smooth muscle tone, and endothelial dysfunction. The metabolic effects of type 2 sodium and glucose co-transport inhibitors are discussed separately, including an increase in lipolysis, the role of glucagon and activation of ketogenesis, and their contribution to the development of a probable cardioprotective effect.
The aim of the investigation was studying sodium pyrophosphate’s effect on experimental oxalate nephrolithiasis.Experimental nephrolithiasis modeling by using of 1% ethylenglycole’s solution as a drink for rats during 6 weeks. First group was control. In the second group since the third week was being administrated sodium pyrophosphate in dose 2 g/kg. Was detecting parameters of kidney’s function, markers enzymes activity, was carried out morphological researches.It was concluded that sodium pyrophosphate’s therapy reduce experimental oxalate nephrolithiasis.
The review presents the screening of the therapeutic effects of the Russia drug “Histochrome”, active substance of which is quinoid pigment marine - echinochrome A (2,3,5,6,8-pentahydroxy-7-ethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone). Assessing the pharmacological aspects of the drug authors have focused on cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of histochrome. The parallel between echinochrome A pharmacodynamics and its biological effects proves promising directions for expansion of the clinical application of the preparation “Histochrome”. (For citation: Talalaeva OS, Zverev YaF, Bryukhanov VM. The cellular and molecular mechanisms providing therapeutic efficiency of gistokhrom. Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. 2017;15(4):58-68. doi: 10.17816/RCF15458-68).
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