The aim. This article is devoted to the intensification of the production process of a thick extract of milk thistle fruits using ultrasonic processing of raw materials.Materials and methods.As an object of the study, the crushed milk thistle fruitss from Penza “Biokor” company were used. As the extractant, an aqueous solution of ethanol 70% vol. was used. For ultrasonic processing of plant materials and extractant, the installation “Bandelin SONOPULS HD 3200” was used, the ultrasound frequency was 20 kHz, the radiator power was 280 W, and the temperature was 25°С. The concentration of the extract was performed using a rotary evaporator RV-10 at the temperature of 60°C and a vacuum of 600–650 Mmhg to a residual moisture content of 25%. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the thick extract was carried out using spectrophotometry and chromatography. Quantitative analysis of the amount of flavolignans was performed on an SF-56 spectrophotometer. The separation of the flavolignan complex and the quantification of silibinin was performed on a liquid chromatograph “Agilent Technologies 1200 Infinity”.Results and discussion. During the study it was found out, that processing of the crushed milk thistle fruits by ultrasound at the soaking stage almost doubles the output of the flavoligan complex from medicinal plant materials. The maximum amount of flavolignans is extracted when the fruits of milk thistle and extractant are processed with ultrasound at the frequency of 20 kHz for 5 minutes. Thus the obtained thick extract of milk thistle fruits in the component composition contains both the target flavolignan complex (87.39%, silibinin – 24.36%), providing the hepatoprotective effect, and flavonoids – chlorogenic acid (1.69%) and dihydroquercetin (10.92%) exhibiting antioxidant activity. It was established that, according to the qualitative composition of flavolignans, the obtained thick extract corresponds to preparations based on milk thistle. Thus, for the first time, the method was proposed for obtaining a thick extract of milk thistle fruits using ultrasonic processing of raw materials and extractant at the soaking stage. The obtained thick extract is proposed to be used as an active pharmaceutical substance for the production of granules based on methionine and milk thistle flavolignans.Conclusion. The results of the experiments allow us to recommend obtaining a thick extract of the milk thistle fruits, using the stage of ultrasonic processing of raw materials and extractant for 5 minutes at the ultrasound frequency of 20 kHz.
Biologically active sulfur-containing compounds (BASC) exhibit pronounced antioxidant properties. Glutathione reduced (GSH) occupies a particular position among these compounds. It represents a key link in the 3 antioxidant systems of the body from the existing four. Based on the foregoing, a GSH-based dosage form with antioxidant properties was proposed. The aim of this study is to work out a model granulated dosage form based on GSH and methods of its analysis by means of pre-column derivatization with ortho-phthalic aldehyde.Materials and methods.GSH and granulated dosage form based on GSH obtained by wet granulation were used as the object of the study. Quantitative evaluation of GSH content in the obtained granules was carried out using pre-column derivatization by the method of reversed-phase high-performance chromatography (RP HPLC). Ortho-phthalic aldehyde was used as a derivatizing agent. A diode-array detector was used to detect the resulting derivative. Ortho-phthalic aldehyde was used as a derivatizing agent. A diode-matrix detector was used to find out the resulting derivative.Results.In the course of the work, a model dosage form was created – granules based on GSH. By reference to the recommendations on the dosage of the drug, the concentration of the active substance was selected. Lactose was chosen as an auxiliary component. Physical and technological characteristics of a model sample of granules with GSH and lactose as a filler were studied. A method of quantitative determination of GSH in granules using pre-column derivatization with ortho-phthalic aldehyde was developed and validated by HPLC. The method of quantitative determination of GSH in granules with the use of pre-column derivatization by ortho-phthalic aldehyde by HPLC was developed and validated.Conclusion.The developed granulated dosage form meets the requirements given in the pharmacopoeial item “Granules” according to the analyzed indicators. Using the validation evaluation it was established, that the developed methods for the quantitative determination of GSH in granules is correct, precise and specific.
The purpose of this work is an experimental study of the extraction properties of Novec 1230 perfluoro organic solvent in regards to various types of low-polar biologically active substances from plant materials. For the study purposes, we used the following ground plant raw materials with particle size 0.1-0.5 mm: Anethum graveolens L. fruits, Eucalyptus viminalis Labill. leaves, Foeniculum vulgare Mill. fruits, Hypericum perforatum L. herb, Pastinaca sativa L. fruits, Pimpinella anisum L. fruits, Syzygium aromaticum L. buds (Clove buds), and Tumeric powder. For analytical purposes, we used the following standard samples: eugenol, carvone, trans-anethole, xanthotoxin, evcalimin, and spissum extract of Chlorophyllipt of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. Novec 1230 was used as a perfluoro organic solvent. RP HPLC and GC-MS were used as quantitative and qualitative analytical methods, respectively. For the extraction, we used the circulation method in "Soxhlet" extractor at the following conditions: plant raw material:extractant ratio 1:5 m/v, extraction time 1 and 3 h. It is found that in three hours of extraction with Novec 1230 perfluoro organic solvent, the low molecular weight components of essential oils are as follows: anethole and carvone (yield≥94%); eugenol is poorly extracted from Syzygium aromaticum L. buds (yield<50%); and chlorophylls, fatty oil, and a number of other low-polar biologically active substances are not extracted. The results obtained are comparable with the technologies for low-polar BAS extraction using liquefied gases or supercritical fluids. The extraction properties of Novec 1230 perfluoro organic solvent were studied experimentally for various types of lowpolar biologically active substances from plant materials. It was found that a very limited number of low-polar biologically active substances are extracted into this type of perfluoro organic solvent, these are mainly components of essential oils, while triglycerides, chlorophylls, and a number of other low-polar biologically active substances are not extracted into this solvent. It is shown that the extraction properties of Novec 1230 perfluoro organic solvent are related to the polar part of TPSA parameter in low-polar BAS molecules. The limit value of TPSA was found in a molecule of low-polar BAS (LTPSA≤30 ± 5 Ų), above which BAS are not extracted into Novec 1230 perfluoro organic solvent.
this paper presents the results of a study and modeling of the influence of the solvent's dielectric constant on the extraction of eugenol from the Laurus nobilis L leaves. The aim of this work is to study the effect of the solvent on the extraction of eugenol from the leaves of Laurus nobilis L., to propose a theoretical model for describing the results. Shredded plant material of Laurus nobilis L. leaves 0.1-0.5 mm. Aqueous solutions of ethanol (23, 39, 55, 73, 80, 96±1% v/v). The extracts were obtained by a ratio of plant materialsextractant 1:5 (w/v), insisting for 24 hours at a temperature of 24±1°C. Analysis of the extracts was carried out using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography and a standard sample of eugenol. The dependence of the concentration of eugenol in alcohol-water extracts on the concentration of ethanol in solution was studied. It was found that the maximum concentration of eugenol is observed in solutions with ethanol concentrations of 85±15 % vol. This range of ethanol concentrations corresponds to a dielectric constant of the solvent of 33.5±3.5 units. The regression equation of the dependence of the concentration of eugenol in the extract on the dielectric constant of alcohol-water solutions is obtained. It was found that the dielectric constant of the solvent has the most significant effect on the process of isolating the phytocomponent from plant materials. A mathematical model is theoretically grounded and tested to describe the dependence of the concentration of eugenol on the dielectric constant of water-ethanol solutions. The optimal range of solvent dielectric constant was found to achieve the maximum concentration of eugenol in the extract.
Аннотация. Перспективным решением проблемы обеспечения лекарственными препаратами гериатрических пациентов, с нашей точки зрения, является разработка комбинированного гранулированного лекарственного препарата на основе метионина и густого экстракта плодов расторопши пятнистой, направленного на лечение и профилактику сочетанных патологий: атеросклероза и неалкогольного стеатогепатоза. В статье приводятся фрагменты комплексного исследования по разработке гранул с метионином и густым экстрактом плодов расторопши пятнистой, отражающий результаты экспериментального определения норм качества разработанных гранул «Метсилив». Приведены результаты подбора подвижной фазы для ТСХ идентификации метионина и определения возможных примесей, образующихся в процессе хранения. В статье также приведены результаты ВЭЖХ анализа флаволигнанового комплекса и метионина в разработанных гранулах. В результате экспериментальных исследований были определены технологические, биофармацевтические и физико-химические показатели качества гранул «Метсилив». С помощью методики долгосрочного испытания стабильности, изложенной в ОФС 1.1.0009.15, были получены результаты определения срока годности разработанных гранул, который составляет 3 года. Установленные нормы качества гранул с метионином и густым экстрактом плодов расторопши пятнистой позволяют использовать их в дальнейшем при составлении нормативной документации на гранулы «Метсилив». Ключевые слова: метионин, флаволигнановый комплекс плодов расторопши пятнистой, густой экстракт, гранулы, гериатрия.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.