The purpose of this work was the studying and modeling of the extraction properties of the sorbitol-based natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) and sorbitol-based solvents in regard to biologically-active substances (BASs) from Glycyrrhizae roots using theoretical fundamentals based on the laws of statistical physics, thermodynamics, and physical chemistry previously developed by us. In our studies, we used Glycyrrhizae roots, simple maceration, plant raw material:solvent ratio 1:10 w/v, temperature 25 °C, extraction time 24 h; standards of licuroside and glycyram; RP HPLC, differential scanning calorimetry, integral dielectric, impedance and conductivity spectroscopy method of analysis; the following solvents: sorbitol-based NADES sorbitol:malic acid:water (1:1:3 in molar ratio), a modified solvent based on NADES sorbitol:malic acid:water:glycerin (1:1:1:1 in molar ratio) and sorbitol-based solvents sorbitol:ethanol:water at different ratios. It has been found that regression equations for sorbitol-based solvents in coordinates predicted by the theory have a high value of determination coefficient that equals to R2e = 0.993 for glycyram and R2e = 0.976 for licuroside. It has been found that the extraction properties of sorbitol-based NADES with a dielectric constant (ε) equal to 33 ± 2 units are equivalent to those of the sorbitol:ethanol:water solvent with ε = 34 units, and the extraction properties of modified solvent based on NADES with ε = 41 ± 2 units are inferior to those of the sorbitol-ethanol-water solvents with maximum value of BASs yield with the dielectric constant range 40 ÷ 50 units. The theoretical fundamentals suggested provide a possibility for an explanation of the mechanism, quantitative description of the extraction properties of the solvent, and target search of the optimal solvent by its dielectric constant.

The aim of the article was to study and model solvent effects on phytocompounds’ extraction from Glycyrrhizae radix for substantiation of rational choice of the extractant in the technology of drugs obtained from this type of plant raw material. The process of extraction was carried out by simple maceration for 24 h at temperature 25°C ± 1°C and extractant/plant raw material ratio 5:1 (v/w). The content of hydro-ethanolic extracts based on ethanol solutions with concentration of 22, 41, 50, 71, 82, and 96% ± 1% v/v and some other solvents was studied by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The optimal range of solvent concentration for simultaneous extraction of chalcones and glycyrrhizic acid derivatives from Glycyrrhizae radix was determined. It was found that dielectric constant of the solvent plays a key role in the distribution process of phytocompounds between the phases; there is a certain range of dielectric constant values of the solvent-water solution, within which maximum phytocompound concentration in the extract can be observed; the dependency between phytocompound concentration in the extract and dielectric constant of the solvent-water solution can be described by equation lnC = a + b/ε+d/ε2.

The article presents the results related to the study of distribution of biologically active substances from the plant raw material between solid and liquid phases. The aim of this study is to develop theoretical bases of the extraction process in the equilibrium state by the example of study and modeling of the distribution process of biologically active substances from Eucalyptus viminalis leaves. In these studies, we used ground plant raw material of E. viminalis leaves with particle fraction of 0.1–0.5 mm; and ethanol with concentration 80% ±1% v/v was used as an extractant. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were carried out by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography with rutin, chlorogenic acid, and euglobal standards equivalent to spissum extract of chlorophyllipt of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. A hypothesis has been suggested that Henry's adsorption law and the law of conservation of matter play a fundamental role in this process. The experimental data are described well by the suggested equation with high value of determination coefficient R 2 =0.99. At the same time, F-test and the significance of coefficients in equations satisfy the statistic condition, which means that the current hypothesis about the adsorption mechanism of distribution of biologically active substances in the extraction system is not refuted. The results of these studies demonstrate good agreement of experimental data and theoretical model based on Henry's adsorption law and mass balance. The numerical values of constants in the model suggested have been calculated.

Background. Theoretical development of the extraction process is an important task for further modeling and calculation of optimal conditions for extraction of biologically active compounds from the plant raw material. The aim of the study was to propose and test a theoretical model to describe the process of Licuroside and Glycyram distribution between the solid phase of Glycyrrhiza radices and the extractant. Materials and methods. For studies, we used Glycyrrhiza radices (Liquorice roots). For extraction, we used plant raw material with particle size of 0.1-0.5 mm, and ethanol-water solution 70 % v/v was used as an extractant. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of biologically active compounds were carried out with standard substances Licuroside and monoammonium glycyrrhizate and according to UV-spectra and retention times of compounds in the HPLC profile. The extraction process was carried out at temperatures of 4, 20, 40 and 60±1 ºС. To construct the simplest mathematical model of BAS distribution between the extractant and plant raw material matrix, we used the law of conservation of matter and the Henry's adsorption law. Results. Results of these studies demonstrate that the suggested simplified model of the phytocompound distribution process between the extractant and the plant raw material matrix based on adsorption concept can be used to describe the equilibrium extraction process. The mathematical model obtained can be also used for optimization of the phytocompounds extraction process from the plant raw material within the conditions of equilibrium attained in the extraction system. Conclusion. The process of Licuroside and Glycyram distribution in the system Glycyrrhizae radices / ethanol 70 % v/v has been studied. A simplified mathematical model to describe the equilibrium distribution process of these phytocompounds in the extraction system has been suggested. The values of constants in the model suggested have been calculated.

Цель данной работы -изучение возможности применения перфторорганических растворителей для экстракции основных компонентов эфирного масла из плодов укропа пахучего. Для экстракции использовали измельченное сырье с фракцией частиц 0.1-0.5 мм. В исследованиях использовали метод простой мацерации в течение 24 ч настаивания при соотношении сырье:экстрагент 1:10 (м/о) и температуре 24±1 ºС и метод циркуляционной экстракции в аппарате Сокслета при соотношении сырье:экстрагент 1:5 (м/о) в течение периода времени от 1 до 4 ч. Качественный анализ экстрактов проводили с помощью метода газовой хроматомасс-спектрометрии. Количественный анализ карвона проводили с помощью метода обращенно-фазовой ВЭЖХ. Выход карвона во все виды растворителей с помощью метода простой мацерации составил для гексана -95±4%, для Novec 7100 -92±3%, для Novec 1230 -69±3%. Выход карвона в условиях циркуляционного метода экстракции за 60 мин циркуляции растворителя Novec 1230 составил 93±4%, а для Novec 7100 -92±4%. Отмечено, что экстракт, полученный с помощью растворителя Novec 7100, загрязнен жирным маслом и требует дополнительной стадии очистки. Полученные результаты подтверждают высокую перспективность и целесообразность применения перфторорганических растворителей в фитотехнологии для выделения некоторых видов БАВ и эфирных масел из лекарственного растительного сырья.Ключевые слова: плоды укропа пахучего, эфирное масло, карвон, перфторорганические растворители, Novec 1230, Novec 7100.

The aim of the study is to develop a validated, rapid, simple and low-cost method for estimating ofloxacin and benzyl alcohol in a combined dosage. Materials and methods: Materials which were used ofloxacin pure substance and benzyl alcohol pure substance which were determined by UV spectrophotometer using ethanol 95% as a solvent and a blank. Results and discussion: Ofloxacin shows the absorption maxima at 300.0 ± 2.0 nm in ethanol 95% with an apparent concentration absorptivity of (30 to 90) µg/ml and benzyl alcohol shows the absorption maxima at 312.0 ± 2.0 nm in ethanol 95% with an apparent concentration absorptivity of (60 to 200) µg/ml, it was found that in the selected range of application of the method there is a directly proportional relationship between the concentration of ofloxacin and benzyl alcohol respectively, in the measured samples and the analytical signal, linear dependence is characterized by high correlation coefficients (R> 0.999)for both of drugs, which is considered acceptable for establishing strict linearity. Conclusion: The method has been verified as it has been proven simple, fast, accurate and low-cost method and does not require any expensive equipment for the analysis of Ofloxacin and benzyl alcohol separately and in a pharmaceutical mixture.

Objective: The aim of this article was to test the hypothesis about the possibility for extraction of essential oil components from the plant raw material (PRM) by the example of Pimpinella anisum L. fruits with two different perfluoro organic solvents, Novec 1230 and Novec 7100. Methods: For the studies, we used Pimpinella anisum L. fruits ground to obtain particle size between 0.1 and 0.5 mm. The study of qualitative and quantitative content of the extracts was carried out by the following method: simple maceration, PRM: extractant ratio 1:10 w/v; and circulation method for extraction using Soxhlet extractor, PRM: extractant ratio 1:5 w/v. Qualitative analysis of extracts was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Quantitative analysis of trans-anethole in the extracts was carried out by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC) method. Results: The largest yield of anethole was observed for n-hexane, 84±4 %, and for Novec 7100, 81±4 %. In case of Novec 1230 solvent, the yield of anethole was noted to be three times less, 32±2 %. The yield of anethole under the conditions of solvents (Novec 1230 and Novec 7100) circulation method was up to 94±5 % within two hours. Conclusion: Adequacy of the working hypothesis about the possibility for extraction of essential oil components from Pimpinella anisum L. fruits by two different perfluoro organic solvents, Novec 1230 and Novec 7100, was verified experimentally. In the context of the solvents tested, it was found that the level of fluorination of the solvent’s molecule had a great influence on its extraction properties in regard to anethole and vegetable oil.

No abstract