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Орешко Аркадий Юрьевич, преподаватель института остеопатии Мохов Дмитрий Евгеньевич, д. м. н., заведующий кафедрой остеопатии; директор Института остеопатии Орешко Людмила Саварбековна, д. м. н., профессор кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и диетологии им. С. М. Рысса Трегубова Елена Сергеевна, д. м. н., профессор кафедры остеопатии; доцент Института остеопатии Селиверстов Павел Васильевич, к. м. н., доцент кафедры внутренних болезней и нефрологии Семенова Елена Анатольевна, к. м. н., ассистент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и диетологии им. С. М. Рысса

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Regulatory signals in the body are not limited to chemical and electrical ones. There is another type of important signals for cells: those are mechanical signals (coming from the environment or arising from within the body), which have been less known in the literature. The review summarizes new information on the mechanosensitivity of various cells of connective tissue and nervous system. Participation of mechanical stimuli in the regulation of growth, development, differentiation, and functioning of tissues is described. The data focus on bone remodeling, wound healing, neurite growth, and the formation of neural networks. Mechanotransduction, cellular organelles, and mechanosensitive molecules involved in these processes are discussed as well as the role of the extracellular matrix. The importance of mechanical characteristics of cells in the pathogenesis of diseases is highlighted. Finally, the possible role of mechanosensitivity in mediating the physiotherapeutic effects is addressed.

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Introduction. The main tool of the osteopathic physician, which carries out most of the diagnostic and therapeutic actions, is the hands. To conduct scientifi c research in osteopathy, it is necessary to understand the nature of the impact and its quantitative characteristics, in particular, the pressure force of the physician′s hands on the patient′s body. In the available literature, it was possible to fi nd single instrumental studies of the pressure force of the osteopath′s hands during performing cranial techniques. Similar studies about the performance of other techniques could not be found in the available literature.Aims: to measure by an instrumental method the pressure force of the osteopath hands during various osteopathic techniques (cranial, visceral, structural).Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the Mokhov Institute of Osteopathy Clinic in January 2023. The study involved 6 lecturers of the Institute of Osteopathy (St. Petersburg), their experience as an osteopath is at least 5 years; the age is from 33 to 53 years. As patients, the residents of the Osteopathy Department of Mechnikov North-West Medical State University were involved. There were 2 men and 4 women, aged from 24 to 26 years, with a normosthenic constitution and a body mass index from 19,5 to 24. The following devices were used to measure the pressure strength of the osteopathic physician′s hands: Fsr402 resistive pressure sensors (Arduino Italy) and A402 (Tekscan USA), FlexiForce Prototyping Kit with FlexiForce MicroView software (Tekscan USA), and a device for determining skin elasticity and human skin scars (strain gauge attached to a caliper, Patent RU 2763 843 C1). Each physician demonstrated several osteopathic techniques on one patient. During the execution of each technique, three measurements were made, and the arithmetic mean was calculated. Structural, visceral and cranial techniques of osteopathic correction were performed.Results. The Friedman test showed a statistically signifi cant difference in pressure strength for different techniques (p<0,01). The greatest pressure force was measured during the mobilization of the descending colon (3,6±0,3 Newton); the minimum force was measured during the mobilization of the thoracic spine in the extension (1,5±0,3 Newton). When performing each technique, there was a range (the difference between the minimum and maximum values) between physicians from 0,95 Newton for performing a frontal bone lift to 1,8 Newton for mobilizing the sigmoid colon. Conclusion. The pilot study showed that during performing different techniques, the pressure strength of the osteopathic physician′s hands differed signifi cantly. It is advisable to continue the study on a more representative sample.> <0,01). The greatest pressure force was measured during the mobilization of the descending colon (3,6±0,3 Newton); the minimum force was measured during the mobilization of the thoracic spine in the extension (1,5±0,3 Newton). When performing each technique, there was a range (the difference between the minimum and maximum values) between physicians from 0,95 Newton for performing a frontal bone lift to 1,8 Newton for mobilizing the sigmoid colon.Conclusion. The pilot study showed that during performing different techniques, the pressure strength of the osteopathic physician′s hands differed signifi cantly. It is advisable to continue the study on a more representative sample.

Osteopathy is a branch of clinical medicine based on a holistic approach which uses manual methods on the stages of prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation and is aimed at restoring the body's natural ability to self-correction. The article presents an overview of randomized controlled trials of the results of osteopathic treatment of children of different age groups presenting functional alterations. All the trials were held in the Russian Federation over the recent years. On the grounds of the presented data it is possible to draw a conclusion about the proven clinical effectiveness of osteopathic treatment in hypoxic-ischemic lesions of the central nervous system, in particular, in hypertension-hydrocephalic syndrome, in the mild form of bulbar dysarthria as a consequence of a birth injury of the craniovertebral junction, dysplasia and subluxation of the hip joint, low degree myopia with the accommodation spasm, neurogenic dysfunctions of the urinary bladder complicated by the chronic bullous cystitis and vesicoureteral reflux. The sooner osteopathic treatment starts, the better is the result. Osteopathic treatment is safe. It allows to reduce the medicinal load and the risk of polypragmasy in children. It goes well with other methods of treatment, which is especially important for children of the first year of life. Osteopathy can enrich the clinical medicine toolkit and occupy a rightful place in the system of healthcare delivery to children.