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The review presents the results of a number of experimental and clinical studies proving the prospects of using L-carnitine in the clinic of internal diseases. Due to the antioxidant and antihypoxant properties, the additional use of L-carnitine in addition to the main etiopathogenetic therapy is prescribed by cardiologists, nephrologists, neurologists, gerontologists. Experimental studies we conducted earlier showed no effect of L-carnitine on the activity of the P450 CYP 3A4 system, which reduces the likelihood of drug-drug interaction at the level of metabolism of drugs metabolized by P450 3A4. When using L-carnitine as part of complex pharmacotherapy, the drug has an increased safety profile in comorbid patients taking L-carnitine.

The electrochemical properties of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and polymorphic modifications P450 2C9*2 (CYP2C9*2) and P450 2C9*3 (CYP2C9*3) were studied. To analyze the comparative electrochemical and electrocatalytic activity, the enzymes were immobilized on electrodes modified with a membrane-like synthetic surfactant (didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB)). An adequate choice of the type of modified electrode was confirmed by cyclic voltammetry of cytochromes P450 under anaerobic conditions, demonstrating well-defined peaks of reduction and oxidation of the heme iron. The midpoint potential, Emid, of cytochrome P450 2C9 is −0.318 ± 0.01 V, and Emid = −0.324 ± 0.01 V, and Emid = −0.318 ± 0.03 V for allelic variant 2C9*2 and allelic variant 2C9*3, respectively. In the presence of substrate diclofenac under aerobic conditions, cytochrome P450 2C9 and its polymorphic modifications P450 2C9*2 and P450 2C9*3 exhibit catalytic properties. Stimulation of the metabolism of diclofenac by cytochrome P450 2C9 in the presence of antioxidant medications mexidol and taurine was shown.

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By using NGS-sequencing libraries of DNA from periodontal swabs with primers specific to V6 region of 16S rDNA prevalence of bacterial genera and species in periodontal and colonic microbiota of patients with periodontitis of different severity and healthy donors was analyzed. Hyper-colonization of the colon with Akkermansia muciniphila was found to be the most important maker of negative predisposition to periodontitis (t=133,7 at р=10(-6)). This result is in a good agreement with communications about positive impact of hyper-colonization of the colon with this species on type 2 diabetes, obesity, atopic dermatitis, and antibiotic-induced diarrhea associated with Clostridium dificile. Analysis of the periodontal protectors at the periodontium elucidated a number of close taxonomic relatives of the periodontal pathogens by Socransky, e.g. Aggregatibacter segnis and Aggregatibacter aphrophilus are closely related to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Treponema vencentii is a relative of Treponema denticola; Prevotella baroniae, Prevotella salivae and Prevotella spp. are relatives of Prevotella intermedia; Campylobacter concisus is a relative of Campylobacter jejuni, causative agent of enterocolitis.

A calcium deficiency is detected in more than 80% of children. This is the result of inadequate consumption of milk and dairy products which are the main food sources of calcium. There is a correlation between deficiency of calcium intake with food in childhood and the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis in subsequent life periods. With insufficient exogenous intake of calcium, its concentration in the blood decreases which stimulates bone resorption. The factors that further limit the consumption of dairy products are lactase deficiency and cow's milk protein allergy. In order to ensure the intake of the necessary amount of calcium, it is advisable to use vitaminmineral complexes in children that contain not only a sufficient amount of calcium and vitamin D but also other micronutrients required for bone formation.

Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Российская Федерация Проблема выбора пробиотика остается актуальной, что обусловлено большим количеством препаратов этого класса на фармацевтическом рынке и вместе с тем недостаточной изученностью их эффектов в крупных исследованиях с участием детей. В этой связи к назначению такого рода препаратов детям необходимо подходить с особой избирательностью. В статье проанализирована эффективность наиболее изученных пробиотических штаммов, используемых в профилактических и лечебных целях. Описаны требования, предъявляемые к пробиотическим микроорганизмам, в том числе к тем из них, которые входят в состав пробиотиков для детей. Отмечено, что пробиотики зачастую имеют статус пищевой добавки (БАД). Однако сфера их применения охватывает как профилактику, так и лечение функциональных расстройств и заболеваний желудочно-кишечного тракта.

The Memorandum events from June 1861 constitute an important milestone in the development and shaping of the Slovak nation, its culture, political self-awareness, and national self-determination. Formulated and approved by the First Slovak National Gathering on June 6-7, 1861 in Martin, the Memorandum of the Slovak Nation to the upper chamber of the Hungarian parliament, containing the Petitions of the Slovak Nation which ask for a just enactment of the law with regard to equality of the nations in Hungary, reflected not only the political ambitions but also philosophical and religious convictions (and presuppositions) of the leading figures of the third phase of the Slovak National Revival Movement in mid-19th century.