This study analyzes the works of scientists who defended their theses on criminal law at the universities of the Russian Empire. The chronological scope of the research is limited by the date of defense of the first and the last theses on criminal law which are known to the authors.The territorial scope of this article covers the limits of the Russian Empire.
The process of mass transfer in a jet device has been investigated by the evaporation of water. Methods of calculating the interface formed by gas bubbles and measuring the mass-transfer coefficient have been developed. The experimental and calculated mass-transfer coefficients have been compared.Problems on the use of jet devices for initiation of mass-transfer processes were investigated at the Polotsk State University over the course of several years.To this point, jet devices have been used in the chemical industry mainly as blowers and ejectors [1]. The possibilities of using these devices for other purposes, e.g., in aeration systems or for effecting of a mass transfer between different media, are scantily known. The prospects of using jet devices in chemical engineering stem from their advantages over other analogous devices: the absence of rotating and rubbing parts and their simple design. Jet devices can operate in any flow of a substance (gas, liquid), which allows them to be used for initiation of biotechnological processes and intensification of mass transfer. With jet devices, the interface in a liquid layer can be increased without recourse to special contact devices. The use of jet devices also makes it possible to solve the problem of energy conservation, which is of great practical importance at present.It is agreed that the main characteristic of a mass-transfer process [2] is the ejection coefficient(1)The Mach number is used as the main criterion at large Reynolds numbers [2]:In the case where a gas is ejected by a jet of a liquid, friction forces arise on the surface of interaction of the liquid with the gas in the process of flow out of the liquid from a nozzle and a turbulence is formed in the liquid flow. In this case, the turbulence of the liquid flowing out from the nozzle (with a velocity of w liq + 15 m/sec) is characterized, as in aeromechanics, by the velocity of sound propagating in the liquid medium. This hydrodynamic criterion is described in detail in [3]. It was established experimentally that the quality of this ejection depends on the ratio between the diameters of the nozzle and the mixing chamber. In the case where cylindrical nozzles and air pits are used, the optimum ratio between their diameters is 0.22-0.23. The regularities of the mass transfer in a jet device were experimentally investigated on a laboratory test bed (Fig. 1).A laboratory jet device comprises a glass cylinder 1 clamped in a metal mandrel. An air pit 2, into which air is ejected by a water flow, is inserted into the cylinder. The pit serves to supply a low-moisture air for initiation of mass-transfer processes in an aerator. The water circulating around a closed path enters nozzle 8. The water pressure is determined by manometer 3. The ejected-air flow rate is measured by rotameter 6. Air enters the jet device through union 4. Continuous circulation of water in the system is provided by a centrifugal pump 5. The mixture of air with water vapor passes through union 7 to the atmosphere. The function of th...
The article presents the results of work on determining the possibility of obtaining paraffin compounds for various purposes using domestic raw materials. The expediency of using high-molecular purified by-products of oil refineries (the process of dewaxing mineral oils) as components of the candle mass is shown. The proposed method for obtaining candle mass will reduce the burden on the environment, reduce the cost of the process of obtaining candles and expand the base of raw materials for their manufacture through the use of production waste.
INTRODUCTION:
Determining accurate gestational age (GA) is an essential for decision making in obstetrics. Fetus folds around 12 weeks. We wanted to determine whether crown-rump length (CRL) or a composite biometric measurement (CBM) including head, abdominal and femur measurements, or a combination of CRL and CBM, provides a more accurate GA estimation between 12.0 weeks to 13.9 weeks gestation.
METHODS:
Fetal biometry data on singleton pregnancies was collected from a retrospective well-dated pregnancy cohort. All CRL images were reviewed for accuracy. GA by both CRL and CBM was compared to the certain GA using the Bland-Altman test to assess regression to the mean, limits of agreement, and bias.
RESULTS:
Included 1716 pregnancies revealed an average bias of +0.7 (-9.95 to 11.4) days with CRL; +3.37 (-3.82 to 10.6) with CBM between 12w0d-13w6d. GA is overestimated by both methods at 12 weeks. CRL underestimates GA after 13weeks, while CBM underestimates after 14weeks. The true GA estimation for 13.1-14.0 weeks is a combination of CRL (negative bias) and CBM (positive bias). Results were not altered by body mass index nor by fetal position of CRL measurement (midsagittal, coronal or prone).
CONCLUSION:
Given the larger bias of composite biometry dating, CRL-based dating is more accurate up to 13 weeks. The ACOG Committee Opinion number 611 (2014) should be modified to reflect measurement of CRL till 13w, but composite of CRL and CBM between 13w1d to 14 weeks. In addition, for pragmatic reasons, CRL measurement in any feasible plane should be acceptable.
The article is concerned with the works of S. Gandlevsky and analyzes his selected poems collection Rust and Yellowness [Rzhavchina i zheltizna] (2017). Quoting and conducting an ‘image-by-image’ and ‘plot-by-plot’ examination of Gandlevsky’s best known poems (including ‘To find a job at a motor pool’ [‘Ustroitsya na avtobazu…’], ‘On the Death of I. B.’ [‘Na smert’ I. B.’], ‘Something about the jail and separation…’ [‘Chto-nibud’ o tyurme i razluke…’], etc.), the author summarizes the basis of his poetics: the generous use of cento, oxymoron, a plot that centres around a lyrical hero, a ballad-like quality, as well as a combination of the highbrow and the vulgar, and of the classical and the profane in vocabulary and semantics. Without claiming to have discovered something new about the poet, the article provides a valuable summary, a digest of the main reviews of his work and a critical essence of the key motifs of Gandlevsky’s prose and poetry contributing to Moscow text in Russian literature. In addition, Safronova tries to establish the place occupied by the poetics of the Moscow Time [Moskovskoe Vremya] group in general, and its star member Gandlevsky in particular, with today’s readership.
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