The availability and quality of medical care is ensured by the organization of medical care according to the principle of proximity to the place of residence. The increase in the number of medical institutions will definitely increase the availability of medical care, but it will also increase the cost of providing it, thus reducing the overall efficiency of the health care system. The article discusses the solution to the problem of optimizing the provision of audiological care to elderly patients with hearing impairment and deafness by finding the optimal number of medical institutions providing this assistance and their geographical location within the Chelyabinsk region. The problem was solved on the basis of minimizing the distance and time spent by patients to travel to the place of medical care, using spatial cluster analysis. The possibilities of spatial clustering to create reasonable prerequisites for the optimal solution of the problems of increasing the availability of medical infrastructure for the population are demonstrated.
According to the Meaningful Use of Speech Scale, 23% of children of the main group demonstrated the best results due to the better speech communication strategies. No significant between-group differences were found in the level of auditory perception 6 months after CI. The level of articulation was higher in the main group. Cognitive functioning was improved in children treated with cerebrolysin.
At the present stage in the world there are many methods for restoring hearing in humans, but, unfortunately, not all methods are effective for high-grade hearing loss or deafness. Carrying out timely rehabilitation of patients with a deep degree of hearing loss, especially in childhood, is extremely important for social and psychological adaptation in society. In patients with severe hearing loss, cochlear implant surgery is the most effective treatment. This operation is possible while maintaining the anatomy of the inner ear and the conduction of the auditory nerve. This lecture details the general principles of rehabilitation of patients with hearing impairments of various etiologies, the tactics of selecting patients for cochlear implantation, which is of great importance for choosing a method for treating patients with hearing loss and their psychosocial adaptation.
The identification of risk factors, features and patterns of the emergence and spread of diseases in space requires a large array of diverse data and the use of a serious mathematical and statistical apparatus. The distribution of diseases in space is studied using spatial analysis tools, which are now widely used as information systems are introduced and data are accumulated that are relevant to public health. For most tasks of working with spatial data (data, events that have geographical, spatial coordinates), various geographic information systems are used. As a disease for spatial analysis, sensorineural hearing loss was chosen, with which patients were treated at the Saint-Petersburg Research of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech during one year of the study. The main tasks of the spatial analysis of data on the incidence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) for hospitalization were: visualization of a point pattern, which can form the geographical coordinates of the places of residence of inpatients with SNHL; assessment of the properties of the spatial process that generates this point image (assessment of the intensity of the process, its laws) using various statistical indicators; testing the hypothesis about the spatial randomness of this process and the influence of individual factors on it. R-code accompanied all calculations in the article. Calculations can be reproduced quite easily. The text of the article can be used as step-by-step instructions for their implementation.
The aim of the study is a spatial and statistical analysis of hearing loss of various types (conductive, sensorineural, mixed) and deafness in the adult population of the Chelyabinsk region, assessment of its dynamics and the impact of environmental stress in the place of residence. The study materials were data from the regional audiological center of the Chelyabinsk regional clinical hospital for the period from 2016–2020. Epidemiological issues of the spread of diseases were studied using the methods of spatial analysis, in the R software environment. The main tasks of spatial analysis were to visualize a point pattern from the geographical coordinates of the patient’s places of residence, assess the properties of the spatial process that generates this point pattern, test the hypothesis about the spatial randomness of this process and the influence of the ecological situation on it. It was found that more than half of all primary visits were patients with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. The number of patients who applied for the year during the observation period fluctuates within the average. Of all hearing impairments, the highest values of relative incidence are characteristic of sensorineural hearing loss, which has a direct relationship with age. The intensity of detection in patients with hearing impairment and deafness is directly related to the size of the living population. The existing division into zones with different ecological situations does not have a statistically significant (p <0.05) effect on the ratio of the number of patients with hearing impairments to the population.
The problem of hyperacusis a condition in which sensitivity to sounds is increased is common in world practice. According to the ICD classification of diseases of the World Health Organization (WHO), the concept of hyperacusia is used as a general term for abnormal auditory sensations, (ICD code H93.2). Up to 17% of children and adolescents are disturbed by unpleasant sensations in the sounds of the environment. In this review, we would like to analyze the current state of the issue, to understand the terminology of similar conditions. To study the nature of complaints, varieties and causes of this condition, the relationship with concomitant diseases. Designate diagnostic principles, algorithms for managing patients with hyperacusis by different specialists. Consider the options for the treatment and rehabilitation of children and adolescents suffering from hyperacusis proposed in world practice.
Most patients with CI need to undergo radiation diagnostics during their lifetime, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). Modern cochlear implants are currently compatible with MRI up to 1.5 T. However, clinics conducting magnetic resonance imaging studies may refuse to diagnose. This is due to the fact that during the study, the MRI scanner will act on the magnet of the implant and this can lead to such complications as migration of the implant, its demagnetization, and pain. These doubts determined the goal of our study - to assess the safety and effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a magnetic field power of 1.5 T in patients with cochlear implants (CI). We analyzed MR images of 11 patients who were followed up at the St. Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech from 2014 to 2020, diagnosed with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, grade IV, condition after CI. A questionnaire was conducted to determine the side effects of the study and to assess the diagnostic effectiveness of the method by several radiologists. In order to prevent possible complications, an external, tight-fitting pressure bandage was applied to all patients, and a plastic splint was installed in the projection of the implant in the bandage. During the study, the orientations of the magnetic fields of the MRI scanner (B0) and the implant (B1) were considered. The analysis of the obtained results showed that the MRI procedure with a magnetic field power of 1.5 T in patients with CI was not accompanied by any complications for patients and a negative effect on the implant. It is important to note that the diagnostic efficacy of the MRI results was maintained.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.