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The multifunctional eukaryotic protein YB-1 (Y-box binding protein 1) plays a role in DNA reparation, transcription regulation, splicing, and mRNA translation, thereby participating in many crucial events in cells. Its effect is dependent mostly on its amount, and hence, on regulation of its synthesis. Published data on regulation of synthesis of YB-1 mediated by its mRNA 5′ UTR, and specifically on the 5′ UTR length and the presence of TOP-like motifs in this region, are contradictory. Here we report that 5′ UTRs of major forms of human, rabbit, and mouse YB-1 mRNAs are about 140 nucleotides long and contain no TOP-like motifs mentioned in the literature. Also, we have found that YB-1 specifically interacts with the 5′ UTR of its own mRNA within a region of about 100 nucleotides upstream from the start codon. Apart from YB-1, translation of YB-1 mRNA in a cell free system gives an additional product with an extended N-terminus and lower electrophoretic mobility. The start codon for synthesis of the additional product is AUC at position –(60–58) of the same open reading frame as that for the major product. Also, in the cell there is an alternative YB-1 mRNA with exon 1 replaced by a part of intron 1; YB-1 synthesized in vitro from this mRNA contains, instead of its N-terminal A/P domain, 10–11 amino acids encoded by intron 1.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprises 12–20 % of all breast cancers. TNBC is defined by the absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression. TNBC is a heterogeneous disease, with an aggressive clinical feature, a higher risk of both local and distant visceral and / or brain metastases. Recurrence usually develops between 1 and 3 years after the initial diagnosis and most deaths occur within 5 years. Epidemiologic studies illustrate a high prevalence of triple-negative breast cancers among young women. Triple-negative breast cancer is also more likely to occur in women that carry a BRCA mutation, especially if they are diagnosed at a young age. Cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the mainstay treatment for TNBC because there are currently no specific targets for treatment options (hormone receptors or HER-2 amplification). Chemotherapy combined with targeted agents including DNA repair with PARP inhibitors, EGFR inhibitors, anti-angiogenic agents and a Chk1 inhibitor produced modest improvement in response rate and overall survival. Nevertheless there’s no common standards for treatment such patients with metastatic TNBC. Progress in the development of new regimens and combination of drug treatment agents for patient with generalized TNBC remains an important challenge that could lead to improvement immediate and long-term outcomes.

Immunohistochemical method was used to assay for Snail family regulatory proteins of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, their NF-κB coactivator, and the components of VEGF signaling pathway (VEGF and its receptors VEGFR1 and VEGFR2) in 157 specimens of breast tumors. Most tumors did not express SNAI1, while 65% tumors demonstrated mid- or high-level SNAI2 expression. There were significant correlations between the expression of SNAI1, SNAI2, and their NF-κB co-activator. Correlation was also detected between expression of Snail and VEGFR1 protein families in the tumors. In addition, the study revealed tumoral co-expression of SNAI2 and VEGFR2. The data attest to coordinated activation of regulatory proteins of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the major components of VEGF signaling pathway in breast tumors.

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Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization in patients with metastases of colorectal cancer in the liver.Materials and methods. A study aimed at investigating the effect of selective transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) of the hepatic artery on liver metastases in colorectal cancer was conducted at the Oncology Centre of the RZhD Central Clinical Hospital No. 2 named after N.A. Semashko, Moscow. The research basis included data for 10 patients, who had undergone chemoembolization of the hepatic arteries using Biosphere microspheres 50– 100 µm — 25 mg and doxorubicin 50 mg.Results. Both immediate and long-term results of up to 12 months were evaluated using the RECIST 1.1 scale. A partial response was achieved after 4 TACE treatments in 22.2 % of cases. The stabilization of the oncological process in the liver was observed after 9 TACE treatments in 50 % of cases. Disease progression was noted after 5 procedures in 27.8 % of cases.Conclusions. Transarterial chemoembolization of metastatic liver lesions in patients with colorectal cancer can be used according to certain indications in specialized centres providing endovascular treatment services.

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