The use of modified wood in different friction pairs of timber machines and processing equipment is largely due to its high wear resistance, low coefficient of friction and good dissipative characteristics. The positive properties of composite materials are achieved by using technologies of volumetric modification and implantation of antifriction and heatconducting elements, as well as by forming a composite of crushed wood with the addition of modifying additives and three-dimensional reinforcement. The expansion of the scope of using composite materials in the designs of units with sliding friction pairs necessitates carrying out research on their performance and formation conditions for high level tribotechnical parameters: wear resistance, antifriction, heat resistance, etc. Lack of information on the effect from the factors providing the functional characteristics of wood-based materials including thermal conductivity and vibration absorption significantly complicates the problem analysis in design and technology when developing and producing bearing joints. Therefore, the purpose of this work was studying the conditions of contact interaction of plain bearings made of wood-metal composite materials, allowing for rheological effects, and developing the ways of control their tribotechnical parameters by changing the structure, composition and phase filler. Models of bearings of different types, which allow creating a regulated stress-strain state in sleeves and liners, were developed for these purposes. Research of the bearings performance made it possible to find vibration-damping properties when using suspended crushed fractions in the composite. Increased antifriction properties are achieved in the process of wood modification with electrolytic copper, while the manufacturability of a bearing sleeve is achieved when the support is formed directly at the installation site. Unlike most of the used antifriction materials, the bushings wood maintains the stability of structure in conditions of volumetric compression at negative and positive temperatures, and the wear processes occurring on the contact surfaces of wood-metal bearings are followed by the compaction of the sleeve material. The subsequent destruction is predominantly of fatigue nature, initiated by the dynamics of vibrations and disturbances of the system; therefore, an important part of further research is the assessment of the relaxation ability of wood-metal composites under shock-vibration loading with optimization of their composition according to this criterion.
The aim of the work is a design substantiation of sliding bearings with wedges made of new antifriction reinforced wood-metal materials having increased tribo-technical properties ensuring potentialities for their industrial use widening. The wear investigation of the materials offered was carried out according to the procedure providing for an abrasive impact at that besides wear-resistance the thermo-physical characteristics of samples under analysis were assessed. As a result of the investigation there was offered a structure of anti-friction materials combining in them modified wood and a metal filling agent made of different antifriction materials or special capsules filled with fusible materials and also wedges made by means of a joint coiling of a metal band or an element as tensile anti-friction springs and sized bands of veneer. The offered reinforced composite sliding bearings allow ensuring higher mechanical and tribo-technical characteristics to a considerable extent, optimizing a thermal working mode of sliding bearing wedges, increasing considerably their manufacturability and widening a sphere of industrial use by means of rational combining different wood types and metal composite constituents.
ОСНОВЫ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ИЗНОСОСТОЙКОСТИ ЖЕЛЕЗОУГЛЕРОДИСТЫХ СПЛАВОВ ПРИ КОРРОЗИОННО-МЕХАНИЧЕСКОМ ИЗНАШИВАНИИПоказаны эффективные пути повышения износостойкости железоуглеродистых сплавов, претерпевающих значительную трансформацию в процессе реализации фрикционно-механического взаимодействия с древесиной. Предложены основные направления формирования функциональных поверхностных слоев, основанные на реализации комплексных подходов, включающих перспективные методы упрочняющей обработки и технологи-ческого обеспечения благоприятного состояния поверхностных слоев за счет создания защитных покрытий, значительно снижающих коррозионномеханическое изнашивание изделий.Ключевые слова: износостойкость, железоуглеродистые сплавы, коррозия, изнашивание, трение, функциональные поверхности, упрочняющая обработка. FUNDAMENTALS OF IRON-CARBON ALLOY WEAR-RESISTANCE INCREASE AT CORROSION-MECHANICAL WEARIron-carbon alloy wear intensity at the interaction with wood is caused mainly by the conditions of electro-chemical and chemical reactions in the area of a friction contact, hydrogenation and decarbonization of surface layers, by atmospheric and biological metal corrosion development. At that structural material surface destruction at friction with wood takes place at the expense of the joint and interrelated realization of chemical and mechanical mechanisms.The analysis of the contact interaction of parts operating surfaces with the wood processed allowed revealing the totality of basic factors defining their resistance to wear both at the expense of corrosion process realization, and owing to a mechanical surface destruction.To achieve the increased wear-resistance of iron-carbon alloys contacting with wood material it is necessary to ensure the formation of favorable physical-mechanical characteristics in a surface layer: hardness, impact elasticity, resistance to micro-crack growth, durability to the impact of abrasive corrosiveactive environment.For metal tribo-corrosion prevention the most promising way is strengthening by means of functiondirected complex impacts upon surface layers or by volume and surface alloying.The decrease of stress concentrator quantity and micro-crack growth inhibition may be achieved by the formation of ductile strata between separate areas and also by the possibility to form a favorable level of compressing residual stresses.
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