The aim of the work is a design substantiation of sliding bearings with wedges made of new antifriction reinforced wood-metal materials having increased tribo-technical properties ensuring potentialities for their industrial use widening. The wear investigation of the materials offered was carried out according to the procedure providing for an abrasive impact at that besides wear-resistance the thermo-physical characteristics of samples under analysis were assessed. As a result of the investigation there was offered a structure of anti-friction materials combining in them modified wood and a metal filling agent made of different antifriction materials or special capsules filled with fusible materials and also wedges made by means of a joint coiling of a metal band or an element as tensile anti-friction springs and sized bands of veneer. The offered reinforced composite sliding bearings allow ensuring higher mechanical and tribo-technical characteristics to a considerable extent, optimizing a thermal working mode of sliding bearing wedges, increasing considerably their manufacturability and widening a sphere of industrial use by means of rational combining different wood types and metal composite constituents.
The performance of slide bearings in forestry machines and equipment is largely determined by the load-carrying capacity and antifriction qualities that depend on the bearing capacity of the sleeve (insert) material, the design rigidity and the nature of the forces during operation. As a result, the bearing materials undergo cyclic changes in the state of the sleeve material, as well as the elements that provide reinforcing, heat-conducting and anti-wear functions. The paper shows the results of research on the stress-strain behavior of anisotropic composite materials in the structures of wood-metal slide bearings. A method for ensuring vibration stability is proposed. It is based on maintaining the damping properties of the support that change in the course of wearing. The functionality of the developed program, which is used to solve the contact and thermal issues in the design of slide bearings, is described. A wood-metal material for making bearing sleeves and inserts from laminated compositions was created and studied. The compositions include a vibration-absorbing and fine-fractional component in a vibration-weighted state and a layered structure heterogeneous in thickness of the sleeve, characterized by a variable elastic modulus, that provides damping properties. The proposed design of a slide bearing using this material is focused on its use mainly in the conditions of shock-cyclic loading, which is typical for operation of most forestry machines and equipment.
The choice of possible ways for machinery quality increase must be based on the investigation results of wear regularities and also on the experimental data obtained in the course of laboratory nature and production method use with the aid corresponding equipment use. The purpose of the work is updating methods and means for the estimate of tribo-technical unit operation parameters. Tribo-technical tests must reproduce a wide range of events taking place at different interactions of machinery surface layers with wear environment under different conditions of operation. The more trustworthy the estimated figures in the course of the experiments carried out, the larger potentialities for quality increase of products manufactured. To obtain reliable data the essential condition is the reproduction of conditions taking place in the course of the operation of the samples under investigation. The modeling of parts wear processes on the plants presented and reproducing wear mechanisms under conditions of operation allows revealing the peculiarities of a contact interaction, wear regularities and defining the efficient ways for parts life increase ensuring proper quality of products manufactured. The methods and equipment developed for tribo-technical parameter estimate allow characterizing more precisely the values of physical stress-strain properties of materials under investigation and sure forecasting the working capacity of friction units under specified conditions of operation.
ОСНОВЫ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ИЗНОСОСТОЙКОСТИ ЖЕЛЕЗОУГЛЕРОДИСТЫХ СПЛАВОВ ПРИ КОРРОЗИОННО-МЕХАНИЧЕСКОМ ИЗНАШИВАНИИПоказаны эффективные пути повышения износостойкости железоуглеродистых сплавов, претерпевающих значительную трансформацию в процессе реализации фрикционно-механического взаимодействия с древесиной. Предложены основные направления формирования функциональных поверхностных слоев, основанные на реализации комплексных подходов, включающих перспективные методы упрочняющей обработки и технологи-ческого обеспечения благоприятного состояния поверхностных слоев за счет создания защитных покрытий, значительно снижающих коррозионномеханическое изнашивание изделий.Ключевые слова: износостойкость, железоуглеродистые сплавы, коррозия, изнашивание, трение, функциональные поверхности, упрочняющая обработка. FUNDAMENTALS OF IRON-CARBON ALLOY WEAR-RESISTANCE INCREASE AT CORROSION-MECHANICAL WEARIron-carbon alloy wear intensity at the interaction with wood is caused mainly by the conditions of electro-chemical and chemical reactions in the area of a friction contact, hydrogenation and decarbonization of surface layers, by atmospheric and biological metal corrosion development. At that structural material surface destruction at friction with wood takes place at the expense of the joint and interrelated realization of chemical and mechanical mechanisms.The analysis of the contact interaction of parts operating surfaces with the wood processed allowed revealing the totality of basic factors defining their resistance to wear both at the expense of corrosion process realization, and owing to a mechanical surface destruction.To achieve the increased wear-resistance of iron-carbon alloys contacting with wood material it is necessary to ensure the formation of favorable physical-mechanical characteristics in a surface layer: hardness, impact elasticity, resistance to micro-crack growth, durability to the impact of abrasive corrosiveactive environment.For metal tribo-corrosion prevention the most promising way is strengthening by means of functiondirected complex impacts upon surface layers or by volume and surface alloying.The decrease of stress concentrator quantity and micro-crack growth inhibition may be achieved by the formation of ductile strata between separate areas and also by the possibility to form a favorable level of compressing residual stresses.
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