Abstract. The authors present the results of a study of the genetic characteristics of Carum carvi seeds (Carum carvi) in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. The purpose of the work is to study the genetic resources of medicinal and spicy – aromatic plants of the Northern Trans-Urals, to distinguish endemic forms from Carum carvi populations with valuable economic and biological characteristics. The area of priority areas is the study of this culture with a subsequent increase in the production of medicinal raw materials for the pharmaceutical and food industries. The novelty lies in the fact that for the first time in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region at the Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Northern Trans-Urals, a branch of the Federal Research Center of the Tyumen Scientific Center of the SB RAS, the feed production department, endemic forms from Carum carvi populations were studied. The variety Aromatnyy was used as a standard. Methods. Counts and observations were carried out according to the experimental technique. The collection nursery contains 200 samples of endemic forms of the 2nd year of life, of which 12 samples of this species were isolated. Of the forms previously introduced and adapted to local conditions, there were 150 plants of the same species of the 2nd year of life planted in 2017, of which 12 plants were isolated. The plot size is 9 m2. Results. In a collection nursery 350 samples of Carum carvi seeds of ordinary endemic and introduced forms of plants were studied. With the high seed yield and the highest content of essential oils in relation to the standard Aromatnyy variety, in the study of endemic forms, two samples of the second year of life, No. 1-2-2, and No. 1-4-2, were distinguished, and when studying introduced samples by seed productivity, the following were distinguished: No. 12-1-2 and No. 2-4-1 – 27.0 g per plant. The selected population samples for economically useful traits are a valuable genetic source for the yield of raw materials and the accumulation of essential oils.
Common origanum is one of the most famous spices, it is popular all over the world. The purpose of this work is to conduct a comparative assessment of the yield of raw plant materials and the content of essential oils in common origanum plants. Field research was carried out in 2019-2020 at the experimental field of the Northern Trans Urals Research Institute - a branch of the Tyumen Research Center SB RAS (Moskovsky settlement of the Tyumen district). The soil of the experimental site belongs to the subtype of dark gray forest, heavy loamy according to the granulometric composition. From the studied 350 common origanum samples, 16 samples were isolated. All samples were evaluated according to the following criteria: the yield of raw plant materials and the amount of essential oil. The Khutoryanka variety is accepted as the standard. For two years of research, three samples were distinguished from the studied samples of common origanum in terms of the yield of raw plant materials compared to the standard: 12-2-2; 13-2-1; 15-2-1, the yield of these numbers was from 3.6 to 3.9 t/ha, this is (13.3, 10.0, 6.6 %) higher than the standard. From the studied samples of common origanum, two samples were distinguished by the content of essential oils in dry plant materials - 14-2-3 and 21-1-1. The harvest per hectare of these samples was, respectively, 750 and 928 ml in 2019, and in 2020, 1026 and 1120 ml/ha.
The results of study of yield and protein content in grains of chaffy and naked barley in the experiment with the increasing rates of mineral fertilizers were described. The relationship between the nitrogen content in the leaves of barley plants and protein content in grains were calculated. For the Acha variety the optimal fertilizer rate was based on the yield of 3.0 t/ha. Higher fertilizer rates were needed to realize yield potential of the Philadelphia and Nudum 95 varieties based on the yield of 5.0 t/ha. The highest protein content in the barley grain was formed in the options with the calculated rate of fertilizers for the yield of 5 t/ha: Acha-15%; Philadelphia-13.5%; Nudum 95-18%. A positive relationship was established between the nitrogen content in the leaves and the amount of protein in the grain: r = 0.934; 0.880; 0.877 for the Acha, Philadelphia, Nudum 95 varieties, respectively. In collecting protein from the area unit, the Acha variety has shown the best results, the advantage of which was 131 kg/ha compared to the Philadelphia variety, and 95-127 kg/ha compared to Nudum 95.
The research was conducted in 2011-2013 in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. The vegetation period of hulless barley samples ranged from 63 to 80 days. The samples with the length of stages-seedling-heading-38-42 days and heading-ripening-29-33 days produced the yield higher than the standard Omsk bare-grain 1 by 2.9-60.6%. The largest number of samples (56.6%) formed the eighth group where protein content was 15.1-17.0%; 30.2% of the samples appeared to be in the ninth group (17.1-20.1%), and 13.2%-in the seventh (14.0-14.9%). The highest average 1000 grain weight was observed in barley samples of the ninth group (42.8 g). The samples of the eighth group showed a lower characteristic value (40.3 g) while the samples of the seventh group where protein content was 14.0-14.9% had the lowest value (39.9 g). The average starch content in the samples of all groups was at the level of 58.8-60.5%. The limits of starch variations in barley samples were higher in the seventh group with high protein content. In the same group, the variation range of a trait was much higher (14.2%). The grain-unit g/cm 3 increased on average from 6.5 (seventh group) to 6.7 (ninth group). The largest variation range was in the eighth group (2.0). A reliable positive correlation with yielding properties was found in the group with very high protein content (17.1-20.1%). The highest correlation coefficients were found by interrelations with: protein content (r=0.400), 1000 grain weight (r=0.687) and grain-unit g/cm 3 (r=0.656). A reliable negatively-associated relationship was found between the starch content and the yield (r=-0.382). The following samples showed high resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers), namely: Local (k-3115, Tajikistan), Local (k-3170, Tajikistan), Local (k-3772, Dagestan), Local (k-19709, Denmark), Local (to-21747, Dagestan). By lodging resistance at the level of 9 points, the following samples were distinguished, namely: Local (k-3038, Turkmenistan), Local (k-3165, Tajikistan), Local (k-3938, Mongolia), Buck CDC (k-30173, Canada). In the ninth group with high protein content (17.1-20.1) the local sample from Tajikistan (K-3770) formed standard starch content (60.8%). The local cultivars from Iran (k-3082) and Georgia (k-838) had the highest 1000 grain weight (52.7-55.5 g).
The aim of the research is to study the collections of oregano for winter hardiness in the conditions of the Northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region in order to select the best genotypes. The material for the study was 23 specimens of oregano, collection selections were taken from the collection of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N.I. Vavilov, as well as from different regions. N.I. Vavilov, as well as from different regions of the Tyumen region. The experiment was planted in 2017 using the seedling method. Field studies were conducted in 2017-2019 in the experimental field of the Research Institute of Agriculture of the Northern Trans-Ural - Branch of the Federal Research Center Tyumen Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of RAS (Moskovsky settlement, Tyumen district), which is located in the northern forest-steppe. The soil is dark grey forest, heavy loam. The reaction of the soil solution in the salt extract is 5.5...6.8 (GOST 26483-85). Soil humus content (on absolutely dry matter) was 1,50...4,75 % (GOST 26213-91), P2O5 was 7,6...18,0 mg/100 g of soil; K2O was 8,0...25,7 mg/100 g of soil (GOST 26204-91). Observations and records were conducted according to the methodology of the State Crop Variety Test. Meteorological conditions in 2017-2019 varied considerably from the mean annual values. As a result of the analysis of the presented 23 genotypes winter hardiness of oregano in the first year of life is 68...100 %, and in the second year of life 94...97 %. Genotype T-3 has high winter hardiness, while its losses during wintering were recorded only in the second year of life at 3%. The greatest number of rooted plants was recorded for genotypes K-1 (94 %), M-2 (93 %), K-2 (93 %), which was 8...9 % higher than the standard variety. The high level of plant survival was established in genotypes before wintering in the second year of life and in the spring of the third year of life and amounted to 94...97 %
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