In this study, we developed iron oxide nanoparticles stabilised with oleic acid/sodium oleate that could exert therapeutic effects for curing tumours via magnetic hyperthermia. A suspension of iron oxide nanoparticles was produced and characterised. The toxicity of the synthesised composition was examined in vivo and found to be negligible. Histological examination showed a low local irritant effect and no effect on the morphology of the internal organs. The efficiency of magnetic hyperthermia for the treatment of transplanted Walker 256 carcinoma was evaluated. The tumour was infiltrated with the synthesised particles and then treated with an alternating magnetic field. The survival rate was 85% in the studied therapy group of seven animals, while in the control group (without treatment), all animals died. The physicochemical and pharmaceutical properties of the synthesised fluid and the therapeutic results, as seen in the in vivo experiments, provide insights into therapeutic hyperthermia using injected magnetite nanoparticles.

Citation: Kulikov OA, Ageev VP, Marochkina EE, Dolgacheva IS, Minayeva OV, Inchina VI (2018) Efficacy of liposomal dosage forms and hyperosmolar salines in experimental pharmacotherapy of acute lung injury. Research Results in Pharmacology 5(2): 23-41. https://doi. AbstractIntroduction: Hypertonic sodium chloride solutions and liposomal drugs with pulmotropic effect are of great interest for the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI). The results of the studies on the efficacy of hypertonic solutions and liposomes in ALI treatment are currently controversial. Materials and methods:For the experiment, liposomes with dexamethasone, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), aprotinin and dye Cyanine-7 (Cy-7) were obtained. A liposome analysis was performed by means of spectrophotometry. ALI was modeled in rats by the administration of the damaging agents into the trachea. The experimental agents were injected once intravenously after the modeling of ALI. For experimental therapy used liposomal agents, 7.5% hypertonic saline (HS) and HyperHAES solutions in the respective groups. The efficacy of the therapy was assessed by the survival of animals, functional indicators of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and by the lung-body ratio. The biodistribution of liposomes after intravenous administration was investigated in mice through using a fluorescent dye Cy-7. The biodistribution of liposomes with Cy-7 was assessed using bioimaging according to the fluorescence intensity of internal organs (lungs, liver, and kidneys) and blood, expressed as dye concentration according to the calibration dependence of dye concentrarion on fluorescence intensity. Results and discussion:All the studied liposomal drugs were effective for the pharmacological correction of ALI. Hypertonic solutions, unlike liposomal drugs, were less likely to prevent the development of pulmonary edema. All the studied therapeutic agents increased the survival rate of the laboratory animals with ALI. The most effective experimental agent was liposomal dexamethasone. The use of drugs in form of simple liposomes with average diameter of 350 nm provided for a higher concentration of the drug in the lungs within the first 40 minutes after intravenous administration. Conclusion:Intravenous administration of liposomal forms is promising for the pharmacotherapy of acute lung injury.

In this paper, the erythrocytes of healthy donors and people with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were tested by Raman spectroscopy and laser interference microscopy. We argue that erythrocytes (red blood cells) in COVID-19 patients have an irregular shape, and their morphometric characteristics are impaired in comparison to healthy red blood cells. Raman spectroscopy also allows us to detect a decreased oxygen transport function of these erythrocytes. The combination of these methods—Raman spectroscopy and laser interference microscopy—is a highly effective method for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.

Prolonged immobilization stress activates lipid peroxidation, causes ischemic damage to the myocardium, and promotes the development of some manifestations of atherosclerosis in rabbits. Intravenous infusion of cytochrome c (1 mg/kg) during 30 days of immobilization lowers the extent of lipid peroxidation and produces cardio-and endothelium-protective effects.Key Words: prolonged immobilization stress; cytochrome c; arteriosclerosisThe development of poststress complications caused by prolonged influence of damaging factor is a consequence of exhaustion of compensatory mechanisms (phase III of stress according to Selye) leading to irreversible changes in the organism and diseases [6]. Therefore, prevention of stress and poststress changes is an important problem. It is known that hypoxia is a damaging factor in stress of any genesis. Consequently, antihypoxants are prospective candidates for stress-controlling drugs. In the present study we examined the effect of cytochrome c on adaptational processes, namely, lipid peroxidation (LPO) under conditions of prolonged immobilization stress. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe study was carried out in summer. Twenty male Chinchilla rabbits weighing 2-3 kg were used. Chronic immobilization stress (30 days) was modeled by placing the animals in small cages. Control group consisted of 12 rabbits. Starting from the second day of immobilization, experimental rabbits (n=8) were administered cytochrome c (1 mg/kg, daily, into the marginal ear vein). Electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded before and 30 days after stress. RESULTSProlonged immobilization stress had a negative effect on general condition of the animals and caused 20% lethality. The rabbits died predominantly from acute cardiac insufficiency, pulmonary edema, and infarction and congestion pneumonia. Most rabbits (70%) died within 7-14 days of immobilization.Severe hypodynamia ted to activation of LPO, as evidenced by increased plasma content of MDA by 98.7, 142.2, and 127.7% on days 7, 14, and 30, respectively (Table 1). A similar dynamics of MDA content was observed in erythrocytes: an increase by 51.3 and 92.9% on days 7 and 14. By the 30th day, the MDA content dropped in erythrocytes but remained high in the plasma, which is probably due to the outflow of LPO products from damaged tissues. Activation of LPO in the blood led to myocardial damage. On day 30, 58% of the rabbits developed myocardial infarction (the presence of the Q wave) and 35% of them developed myocardial ischemia (displacement of the R-ST interval). Pathomorphological changes in the aorta were observed in all rabbits: in 44% of the rabbits they were severe and destructive (thinning of the aortic wall, aneurisms, ulcers, and multiple plaques), in 33% the changes

In this paper we evaluated the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy in animals (n=30), which created a model of cancerogenesis. We created 3 equal studies: the 1 st group control (n=10)-animals were monitored without treatment; the 2 nd group (n=10)-animals received adjuvant therapy with a combination of drugs: liposomal doxorubicin hydrochloride+tamoxifen;the 3 rd group (n=10)-animals received adjuvant therapy in a combination of doxorubicin hydrochloride (non-liposomal)+tamoxifen. All animals were monitored for a total of 30 days. As a result, the volume of the tumor in the group of animals treated with liposomal doxorubicin hydrochloride was almost 3 times less than in the control group, and 2 times less than in the rats treated with simple doxorubicin. We also recorded a significantly lower number of lung metastases in animals of the second group compared to other groups. Conclusion. Treatment of Walker 256 tumors with liposomal doxorubicin showed better efficacy and safety compared to non-liposomal doxorubicin. K E y w o r d s-Liposomal doxorubicin hydrochloride, adjuvant chemotherapy, breast cancer, tumor of the Walker strain, metastasis.