543.54:547.973 E. I. Shaposhnik, and S. V. Kol′tsov The qualitative and quantitative compositions of anthocyans from fruit of plants of the Caprifoliaceae family grown under conditions of Belgorod region were investigated. The plants included elder species [Sambucus nigra L. (I), S. canadensis (II), and S. canadensis f. sceletoniana (III)], Viburnum opulus L., and Lonicera caerulea L. It has been found that the principal anthocyans of I are cyanidin-3-sambubioside (52.5%) and cyanidin-3-glucoside (37.1%) whereas from the other two elder species the principal component was cyanidin-3-sambubioside-5-glucoside, acylated p-coumaric acid, 70.9 (II) and 54.3% (III). Fruit of the other plants did not contain acylated anthocyans. The content of anthocyans in fresh or dried fruit was determined by spectrophotometry.Black elder (Sambucus nigra L.) is a traditional plant of Belgorod region. The healing properties of the fruit and flowers of this plant have been known since long ago. It is recommended in modern medicine [1,2].We investigated fruit of black elder and those of S. canadensis L. and its serrate-leafed variety S. canadensis f. sceletoniana, which were introduced to the Botanical Garden of Belgorod University; cranberry, Viburnum opulus L., also a traditional plant of the region; and finally, blue-fruit honeysuckle, Lonicera caerulea L. Table 1 gives the results. The qualitative composition of anthocyans found by us agrees with the literature [3-6]. The principal components for the black-elder anthocyan complex were unacylated 3-glycosides of cyanidine (sambubioside, Cy-3-Sam, and the glucoside, Cy-3-Glu) whereas for the other elders the acylatd derivative, Cy-3-Sam * -5-Glu, the structure of which was determined [3] as cyanidin-3-(6-p-coumaroyl-2-xylosylglucoside)-5-glucoside, was significantly dominant. In the first instance, a relatively small quantity of unacylated diglycosides, Cy-3-Sam-5-Glu and Cy-3,5-diGlu, was also detected. The difference in the anthocyan composition of black elder, on the one hand, and the other elders, on the other, is easily observed also from the bathochromic shift of the absorption wavelength maximum of the total pigments in aqueous HCl solutions (by 5 nm, from 505 to 510 nm).The structures of the detected pigments agreed with the literature data according to results from an investigation of the acid-hydrolysis products of the extracts. We note that the main acylated component of the extracts already after 15-20 min practically completely loses the xylosyl unit (like unacylated Cy-3-Sam-5-Glu) whereas the unacylated hydrolysis products in all instances accumulate less than acylated Cy-3-Glu and the final product, the aglycon.Potentiometric titration showed that fruit of S. canadensis contains 2-3 times less acids (0.007 mol-eq per 100 g) than black elder (0.017-0.022 mol-eq per 100 g).The anthocyan composition of fruit from L. caerulea is much simpler. The principal component is cyanidine 3-glucoside; the next most plentiful component, cyanidine 3-rutinoside, Cy-3-Rut. Fruit of V. o...
