It is known that high sports performances are based upon optimization of adaptation process. In order to achieve the above, one should provide aidual vivid features of athlete's abilities, peculiarities of his/her physiological reactivity. The aim was to study individualities of sensitivity to shifts in respiratory homeostasis and responsiveness to high intensity physical exercises in homogeneous groups of high performance endurance athletes. Individual peculiarities of the cardiorespiratory system (CRS) physiological reactivity were evaluated in 118 high performance endurance athletes (cyclists, runners and rowers) aged 20-27 years (competing regularly in sports for 6.8 ± 1.1 years). The sensitivity of response to СО2-Н + (rebreathing), fast kinetics and the peak response of CRS to various physical loads were measured. The level of V° O2max and accumulated oxygen deficit were determined as well. The results indicate distinctive individual peculiarities of CRS response to the shifts of respiratory homeostasis in homogeneous groups of endurance athletes with respect to sensitivity and stability of responses to СО2-Н +. Sensitivity to СО2-Н + demonstrated a positive correlation with fast kinetics and peak levels in responses to physical loads and anaerobic potential realization. Hyperkinetic and hypokinetic types of an individual physiological responsiveness of CRS to shifts in the respiratory homeostasis and physical exercise in homogeneous groups of high performance athletes were revealed as a premise for athletes' high specific work capacity.
Twenty six football players of the Shandong Luneng youth team (U17), the 2019 season Chinese National Youth Super League champions. Based on a comprehensive assessment of the working capacity and func- tional support of intermittent endurance, the levels and changes in the reaction of the cardiorespiratory system and energy supply of football players’ activities were analyzed under the condition of fatigue cu- mulating in the process of performing a series of high-speed segments. The prerequisite for testing was the preservation of the parameters of running 70 m in 10 s during the entire testing period. Content of Cardiorespiratory System and Intermittent Endurance test: duration of work in a series – 4 minutes; dura- tion of work with the maximum available intensity – 10 s (running distance 70 m), rest interval – 20 s. The number of combinations of work segments 10 s and rest intervals 20 s in a series is 8. The efficiency of work is assessed by the number of completed series and the reaction of the cardiorespiratory system. The typo- logical differences in the functional support of the special working capacity of football players who had a high level of working capacity were determined. They are associated with a balanced type of aerobic and anaerobic energy supply, with an insignificant tension of the mechanisms for fatigue compensating and a predominantly anaerobic type of energy supply provided a high level of respiratory compensation for met- abolic acidosis.
The aim of the study. The overall goal of this manuscript was to gain a better understanding of differences in the level of functional support for special endurance for paddlers of uniform groups (in terms of sports qualification): men kayakers, men canoeists, and women kayakers who specialize in a distance of 200 m. Material and methods. 20 qualified paddlers’ level of functionality is being assessed, among them are a group of elite athletes, the members of the Chinese national team and winners of the 2018 Asian Games. Results. The important feature of the analysis is the evaluation of the structure of the ergonomic power of a 30-second maximum load. Estimating the average value of the ergometric power of work for 25-30 seconds of operation in accordance with the average power of the entire 30-second load made it possible to determine the ratio of the anaerobic alactic and lactic abilities of the athletes, taking into account the requirements of a 200-meter race for canoe and kayak paddlers. A significant range of individual differences in the indices of reactive properties of the cardiorespiratory system, which are determined by the ratio of the partial pressure of СО2 and the maximum level of pulmonary ventilation (VE/PaCO2) during the10 and 30 second test task, attracts attention. The range of VE/PaCO2 indicators was: the relation of partial pressure СО2 to pulmonary ventilation in the 10 s test – 2.3 ± 0.8 for men kayakers; 2.3 ± 0.7 for men canoeists; 2.2 ± 0.5 for women kayakers; the relation of partial pressure СО2 to pulmonary ventilation in the 30 s test – 3.9 ± 1.0 for men kayakers; 3.8 ± 1.1 for men canoeists; 3.6 ± 0.7 for women kayakers. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate differences in the level of functional support for special endurance for paddlers of uniform groups (in terms of sports qualification): kayakers and canoeists who specialize in a distance of 200 m.
The present study was performed to clarify fatigue-induced effects of a strenuous and moderate intensity endurance training session on temporary changes of cardiopulmonary (CP) chemosensitivity and fast kinetics response.Eleven high performance (national level) male rowers participated in this study [age 21.8 ±1.7 (range 18-25 years), 89.3 ±2.0 kg, 190.1 ±1.7 cm, VO2 max 67.9 ±1.1 ml·kg-1·min-1]. The studies involved three steps: 1) a study of effects related to a training session of moderate intensity, 2) effects of a high intensity session, and 3) an impact of a high intensity session on values of peak response. The high intensity session consisted of intermittent training loads made up of five sets of four repetitions of sixty-second work intervals (HR of 149-186 bt·min-1). The moderate intensity session consisted of unvarying type of exercise (HR of 138-167 bt·min-1). Measurements were made at rest before, 13-15, and 37-39 hours after the training session. In rebreathing tests ventilatory sensitivity to COWe found that a training session of high intensity resulted in a significant decrease in sensitivity to hypercapnia, an increase in CP sensitivity to hypoxia, a decrease in CP fast kinetics and stability of peak response 13-15 hours after the session vs. baseline. Mean power in a 6-min maximum test decreased, which was mainly determined by a decrease in mean power during the first 3 min and utilization of VO2max for a 6-min test. Moderate intensity of a training session resulted in an increase in ventilatory sensitivity to hypercapnia whereas sensitivity CP to hypoxia and fast kinetics remained unaffected.These results suggest that not only CP chemosensitivity to hypoxia but also CP chemosensitivity to hypercapnia are variable in high intensity endurance training. The variability related to the effect of fatigue in the recovery phase (up to 15-15 hours) after strenuous training sessions.
The article shows the influence of the neurogenic and humoral components of the reaction on the development of rapid kinetics of the cardiorespiratory system and the functionality of the kayakers during the loads of maximal and submaximal intensity. Research was performed on kayakers team of Jianshi and Shandong provinces (China), n=32. We did gas analysis (Oxycon mobile (Jaeger) metabolimeter) and ergometry (Dansprint). Test tasks included loads with maximum intensity of work for 10 s, 45 s and 120 s. The analysis of indicators of quantitative characteristics and relationships of response indicators maximum level of pulmonary ventilation (V E ), partial pressure of СО2 (PaCO 2 ), ox- ygen consumption (VO 2 ), equivalent of оxygen consumption (EqО 2 ) , equivalent of CO2 emissions (EqСО 2 ), equivalent of partial pressure of СО2 (EqPaCO 2 ) , which characterize the rapid kinetics of the cardiorespiratory system in the pro- cess of analyzing the functional support of the special working capacity of kayakers. This allowed us to determine the initial components of the reaction and the degree of their influence on the effectiveness of the functional support of the special working capacity of kayakers. Analysis of the reaction components indicates that specific indicators of the ratio of the concentration of carbon dioxide in arterial blood, as well as CO 2 emission and breathing reactions (EqPaCO 2 and EqVСO 2 ), can be used to assess the rapid kinetics of the cardiorespiratory system. Depending on the duration and intensity of the load, these reaction components also form the structure of the functional support of special perfor- mance, influence the development of power, economy and stability of the reaction. The informative characteristics of rapid kinetics are associated with the highest rates of the reaction of the cardiorespiratory system (breathing reac- tions) to an increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and the release of CO 2 in the external respiration system. Normative model characteristics of EqPaCO 2 and EqVСO 2 can be registered during the 45 s test, when indicators of EqPaCO 2 and EqVСO 2 reach the highest values in a series of tests: EqPaCO 2 – 3.6±1.0. EqVСO 2 – 30.1±3.4. These indica- tors can be used as a characteristic of the components of the rapid reaction kinetics of the cardiorespiratory system.
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