The preconditions of the development of eSports are investigated and the content of Masters’ preparation in eSports is substantiated. Analysis of scientific and methodological literature, Internet data and methods of mathematical statistics were used as research methods. The study involved 15 experts: eSports specialists, rep- resentatives of the Ukrainian eSports Federation. The research was conducted during of the 2019-2020. The analysis of the curriculums of the second level of post-graduate studies of 6 higher educational institutions of foreign countries was carried out. The analysis allowed identifying promising areas of eSports development in the educational environment. The main preconditions for its development with the projected benefits of eSports have been identified, potential threats have been identified, including problems with the locomotor system, decreased visual acuity, and deteriorating health due to irrational work schedule. The necessity of master's programs introduction for preparation of specialists in eSports is justified. It is established that along with the special practical skills of the player, eSports specialists must clearly understand the aspects of team building and organization of the eSports training process, as well as have theoretical knowledge, practical skills and abilities aimed at maintaining and improving their health. The terminology for ensuring the devel- opment of eSports science is clarified. The educational program of the second level of post-graduate studies of higher education specialty 017 "Physical Culture and Sports", specialization eSports was developed. Accord- ing to the results of the expert evaluations method the content of the specialization cycle of the educational program was determined.
It is known that high sports performances are based upon optimization of adaptation process. In order to achieve the above, one should provide aidual vivid features of athlete's abilities, peculiarities of his/her physiological reactivity. The aim was to study individualities of sensitivity to shifts in respiratory homeostasis and responsiveness to high intensity physical exercises in homogeneous groups of high performance endurance athletes. Individual peculiarities of the cardiorespiratory system (CRS) physiological reactivity were evaluated in 118 high performance endurance athletes (cyclists, runners and rowers) aged 20-27 years (competing regularly in sports for 6.8 ± 1.1 years). The sensitivity of response to СО2-Н + (rebreathing), fast kinetics and the peak response of CRS to various physical loads were measured. The level of V° O2max and accumulated oxygen deficit were determined as well. The results indicate distinctive individual peculiarities of CRS response to the shifts of respiratory homeostasis in homogeneous groups of endurance athletes with respect to sensitivity and stability of responses to СО2-Н +. Sensitivity to СО2-Н + demonstrated a positive correlation with fast kinetics and peak levels in responses to physical loads and anaerobic potential realization. Hyperkinetic and hypokinetic types of an individual physiological responsiveness of CRS to shifts in the respiratory homeostasis and physical exercise in homogeneous groups of high performance athletes were revealed as a premise for athletes' high specific work capacity.
Objective. To study the morphofunctional characteristics of basketball players aged 17-20 years, taking into account their game role, and to substantiate the possibility of using them as criteria for selection and orientation at the stage of preparation for higher achievements. Materials and methods. The study participants were 200 basketball players (17-20 years old). The following methods were used: theoretical analysis, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment with the use of instrumental methods of functional diagnostics (ergometry, chronometry, spirometry, gas analysis, and pulsometry), anthropometric methods, statistical methods. Results. The study determined statistically significant differences in height and weight in all playing positions: the point guard is characterized by statistically significantly shorter body height compared to the shooting guard (U = 46.5; z = -6.88; p < 0.01), the shooting guard is statistically significantly shorter than the small forward (U = 51.0; z = -5.58; p < 0.01), the latter is shorter compared to the power forward (U = 38.0; z = -5.56; p < 0.01). The center was found to be statistically significantly taller than the power forward (U = 82.0; z = 4.24; p < 0.01). The model height indicators of centers at this stage of improvement are 205.9 ± 3.53 cm. Groups of athletes, depending on their roles, statistically significantly differ in body weight (F = 64.304; p < 0.01). Centers are the heaviest and point guards – the lightest basketball players. The dynamics of body height and weight indicators of basketball players from 16 to 20 years were determined. Point guards and shooting guards have a statistically significantly higher level of VO2max compared to centers and power forwards. The average level of VO2max of players in the point guard position was 57.05 ± 3.78 ml.kg.-1min. In centers, this indicator is on average 49.10 ± 4.63 ml.kg-1.min-1. Centers had the VLC in the range of 9.38 ± 0.76 l, power forwards – 8.72 ± 0.80 l, defensive players – 7.5-8 l. No statistically significant differences were found in players with different roles in the level of AnT as a percentage of VO2max. Conclusions. Morphological and functional characteristics serve as informative criteria for monitoring the individual condition of players, are dynamic and can be used in different age groups, taking into account the specifics of team training and individual qualities.
The article analyses the modern trends of world golf. The experience of national golf federations of the world's leading countries, interviews with golf experts assisted (29 participants in the survey: including 8 representa- tives of the National Olympic Committee (NOC), 10 members of the Board of the Ukrainian Golf Federation, 6 golf judges, 5 coaches and golf instructors) to identify the specific features of golf development and popular- ization trends. The modern causes affecting further development of golf in Ukraine are investigated: the defi- ciencies of the legislative provision of sports development and the promotion of the activities of subjects of the national golf system; low level of motivation of different groups of population for golf to practice in the country; lack of golf courses at children's and youth sports schools; the backlog of the material and technical base of golf development from the level of most countries of the world; mismatch with the modern requirements of scien- tific and methodological support for the development of golf and staffing, and others. The strategic directions, goals and objectives for the development of golf in Ukraine for the period up 2030 are resulting from this study. The strategy of golf development in Ukraine will allow dignified representation of the state in the world sports community, popularize golf as a leisure activity in the system of a healthy lifestyle of citizens and promote the consolidation of the nation.
Резюме. Досліджено показники простої зорово-моторної реакції та реакції вибору одного з трьох сигналів для правої та лівої руки, показники реакції вибору двох із трьох сигналів. Крім того, за показниками тепінг-тесту окремо для правої та лівої кисті досліджували динамічну м’язову витривалість. Мета. Визначення і порівняння стану нейродинамічних функцій і динамічної м’язової витривалості руху кисті спортсменів, які спеціалізувалися в циклічному виді спорту (веслування на байдарках і каное) і нетренованих осіб (студентів). Методи. Аналіз наукової літератури, тестування, методи математичної статистики. Результати. За психофізіологічними показниками спортмени продемонстрували вищі результати, деякі відмінності досягли рівня значущості. Спортсмени порівняно з нетренованими особами продемонстрували вищу м’язову витривалість під час рухів кисті домінантної руки та вищу швидкість обробки інформації в центральній нервовій системі, що проявлялося у швидших реакціях вибору двох із трьох сигналів та коротшим часом центральної обробки інформації. Латентні періоди простої зорово-моторної реакції в обстежених спортсменів і нетренованих осіб не відрізнялися. Отримані дані свідчать про зміни передусім у центральних ланках організації рухових програм унаслідок тренування, тоді як периферичні компоненти сенсомоторних реакцій меншою мірою зазнають перебудови внаслідок регулярних фізичних навантажень. Виявлені відмінності стану нейродинамічних функцій і рівня динамічної м’язової витривалості руху кисті можуть мати прогностичну цінність і використовуватися для оптимізації спортивного вдосконалення в даному виді спорту. Ключові слова: спортсмени високої кваліфікації, стан нейродинамічних функцій, динамічна м’язова витривалість, веслування.
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