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Розглянуто основні кліматичні характеристики (початок, кінець, тривалість) опалювального періоду на території України. Показано їх зміну в умовах сучасного клімату. Розкрито структуру температурного режиму опалювального періоду. Підкреслено важливість кліматологічної характеристики опалювального періоду для вирішення питання раціонального використання паливно-енергетичного комплексу і його адаптації до зміни кліматичних умов.

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During the investigation of sexual abuse, it is not rare that mixed genetic material from two or more persons is detected. In such cases, successful profiling can be achieved using DNA fragment analysis, resulting in individual genetic profiles of offenders and their victims. This has led to an increase in the percentage of identified perpetrators of sexual offenses. The classic and modified genetic models used, allowed us to refine and implement appropriate extraction, polymerase chain reaction and electrophoretic procedures with individual assessment and approach to conducting research. Testing mixed biological traces using DNA fragment analysis appears to be the only opportunity for identifying perpetrators in gang rapes.

The approaches in research and practical work in the forensic laboratories of DNA profiling in a sexual assault case can be assessed by the individual valuation of the quality and quantity of available DNA and the choice of combination of the STRs loci that have been examined. The applied procedures are classic or modificated extraction, amplification, and electrophoretical procedures, which have been selected for every individual case. We set up to present a criminal case of sexual assault over a woman, where the suspect used a condom which--after being examined--gave a negative sperm cytologic result. Our aim is to put some debatable issues and to propose an interpretation of the obtained results based on an association of the DNA typing of the victim and the suspect, separated only by the condom.

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