Розглянуто основні кліматичні характеристики (початок, кінець, тривалість) опалювального періоду на території України. Показано їх зміну в умовах сучасного клімату. Розкрито структуру температурного режиму опалювального періоду. Підкреслено важливість кліматологічної характеристики опалювального періоду для вирішення питання раціонального використання паливно-енергетичного комплексу і його адаптації до зміни кліматичних умов.
This article describes the results of a training course for teachers, "Fundamentals of Remote Sensing: History and Practice", which was organized by the "GIS and Remote Sensing" Laboratory of the National Center "Junior Academy of Sciences of Ukraine." The article discusses the preconditions for the training course organization and ways of remote sensing data application in the educational process. It also provides examples of individual research by training course participants, which were presented at the closing conference.
In recent years, Ukraine has been affected by climate change. This has led to frequent extreme weather events (heavy / high rains, floods, droughts, squalls). As a result of droughts, desertification is one of the most dangerous and transient consequences of modern climate change. The research is devoted to the diagnostic assessment of the modern climate of Ukraine. Remote sensing data and instrumental observations of 30 weather stations of Ukraine were used. Temperature increase was registered in the study area by all stations, which significantly affected the level of precipitation. At the moment there is not enough moisture for the Earth’s surface. Precipitation in Ukraine is currently characterized by an uneven distribution. It leads to accelerated processes of soil degradation and it’s fertility loss. The aim of the study was to identify areas prone to desertification using satellite imagery and meteorological observations. Over the past 17 years (2000-2017), the average air temperature in Ukraine has increased by 1.5 ºC. Particularly anomalous warming has been recorded in recent years, starting in 2015. During the XXI century, a slight decrease in precipitation was observed in Ukraine. Both a decrease in precipitation and an increase in temperature may lead to a decrease in soil moisture levels. According to ground meteorological data, the tendency of dryness in Ukraine was confirmed. Lack of water leads to prompt manifestation of this process. Water indexes were used to estimate the moisture content of surface soils. It is possible to assess the susceptibility of the desert area to climate change. Relevant quantitative information on water availability in Ukraine is provided. Two water indices (Normalized Difference Infrared Index NDII and Ratio Drought Index RDI) have been taken estimate the moisture content. It can be estimated from the MODIS MOD13C2 product data obtained from the MODIS satellite sensor and used for regional research. The main conclusion of this study is to determine the changes in natural terrestrial ecosystems in Ukraine. This was shown on the basis of temperature and humidity. Such trends may lead to changes in the biodiversity of the territory and loss of natural soil properties.
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