The article analyzes information on oil and gas deposits obtained by seismic exploration, geological and geophysical data compilation and reinterpretation for the western part of the Terek-Caspian trough. The tabulated data on morphological parameters (linear dimensions, amplitudes) of local structures have been collected for several years. Differences in the efficiency of geological exploration were identified (geological features of the structure, topography, deep and surface seismic and geological features). The causes of low efficiency of geological exploration in some areas (complexity of the structure, seismic conditions, a reduced size of geological objects and disregard of the disjunctive block structure) were identified. Recommendations for geological prospecting and exploration of oil and gas deposits were provided.
One of the main factors determining the transformation of natural technogenic complexes is the storage of large masses of industrial waste on the day surface, and their further transformation leads to a change in geochemical processes in landscapes associated with dumps. Objective. On the basis of the experimental studies performed, to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of peat-diatomite ameliorant in the development of measures for the ecological rehabilitation of disturbed ecosystems. Research methods. The content of copper ions was determined by the atomic absorption method using a Spectr AA-240 FS (Varian Optical Spectr. Instrum, Australia). Mineralization of samples to determine the gross copper content was carried out in concentrated HNO3 using a MARS 5 laboratory microwave system (CEM, USA). The mobile forms of copper were determined in extracts of 0.5 M HNO3 in a ratio of 1:25 (soil: solution). Mine waters of the former Degtyarsky mine with a copper content of 4.61 mg / L were used as a model solution. Technogenic soil for microfield experiments was selected during the summer field research. Peat-diatomite ameliorant own development of “Ekoinnovator”. Research results. According to the results of the analysis of the obtained experimental data, the tendency of the sorption process from 4.61 mg/l to 1.754 mg/l is clearly visible when using "diatomite" as a sorbent, and the introduction of a peatdiatomite meliorant in the composition of which sapropel is also Therefore, using reclamation techniques by introducing mineral and organic fertilizers, it is possible to regulate the mobility of copper ions, and the revealed nature of changes in the amount of mobile copper compounds should be taken into account in the development of environmental protection measures for the ecological rehabilitation of disturbed natural ecosystems.
Статья посвящена истории и современному состоянию проблемы загрязнения геологической среды и образованию техногенных залежей нефтепродуктов на территории г. Грозный в связи с функционированием нефтяного комплекса. Добыча, переработка, транспортировка и хранение нефти и нефтепродуктов сопряжено с образованием отходов, негативно воздействующих на природную среду. Проведен анализ загрязненности нефтепродуктами грунтов в районе г. Грозный. Рекомендованы мероприятия по реабилитации геологической среды от загрязнения нефтепродуктами.
The article describes the history and current state of the problem of the geological environment pollution and the formation of anthropogenic deposits of oil products on the territory of the city of Grozny in connection with the functioning of the oil complex. Production, processing, transportation, and storage of oil products are associated with the formation of waste, which negatively impacts on the environment. This paper analyzes subsurface oil contamination in Grozny and recommends rehabilitation measures of the geological environment from oil pollution.
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