Anthropogenic geoecology was developed at the end of the 20th century, but continues to face challenges in an integrated methodological approach to assessing the pollution of territories with long-term consequences of natural resource extraction. The consequences of extraction and primary processing of natural raw materials are the lack of effective control over the territories once the ore mining is completed. In order to develop effective methods to control the development of hazardous natural and man-made processes in the areas of inactive waste disposal facilities, it is necessary to analyze a sufficiently large set of data, including the condition of ground and surface waters, soils, flora, the efficiency of waste disposal facilities protection from direct or indirect impact on the natural environment. Research on modeling the processes of transfer and accumulation of pollutants includes a general assessment of the direction of man-made flows and selection of vegetation for phytoremediation of territories along the boundaries of the facilities as well as the direction of pollutant migration. The impact of mining facilities (dumps, tailings reservoirs) is directly correlated with the time of their existence, the toxicity and the rate of transformation of the components contained, the economic efficiency of their further utilization or conservation. Thus, the methodological approach to the rehabilitation of environmentally disadvantageous areas in places where mining and primary processing of resources is completed requires integration of several techniques and methods to assess the existing environmental situation. It also includes the speed and direction of its evolvement, and the economic assessment of damage to the natural environment. The introduction of tested recovery techniques will prevent the expansion of territories with irreversible destruction of geosystems, which led to a complete loss of productivity of the reproducing resources.
Research objective is to assess the possibility of removing copper ions from industrial wastewater using waste from iron and magnesium production. Methods of research. An experiment was conducted to remove copper ions from a solution of industrial wastewater using waste from iron and magnesium production. Data were obtained showing changes in the ion content of the studied metals in wastewater solutions. Theoretical research was carried out to analyze the effectiveness of existing wastewater treatment methods in order to study and generalize the results. The initial concentration of metal ions in solutions was measured with a Varian AA 240 FS atomic absorption spectrophotometer with a deuterium lamp for background correction and flame spraying. Temperature and pH were measured with a Hanna HI 99121 portable pH meter. Mineralization of solid samples was carried out with a MARS 5 Digestion Microwave System in Easy Prep vessels with the addition of nitric and hydrofluoric acids. Results. The results of the research on the removal of copper ions from industrial waste water using iron-magnesium production waste show that the samples under investigation were effective in absorbing copper from aqueous solutions. It was found that the amount of copper in the filtrates varies depending on the tested sorbent sample weight. There is an increase in the indicator of the degree of pollutant extraction from solutions from 52.02 to 99.04% for group 1 and from 43.2 to 98.91 % for group to respectively with an increase in the sample dosing rate from 0.2 to 0.5 g. The indicator of static volume capacity also depends on the mass of the sample added to the solution and decreases with the dosing rate growth. Wastes of iron-magnesium production contain magnesium and iron in high concentrations. After interaction with industrial waste water, they actively release magnesium into the solution, but continue to extract iron from it. The indicators of the degree of pollutant extraction from solutions and of static volume capacity for iron have high values regardless of the sample weight for both groups and vary from 99.85 to 99.98% and from 3.9 to 10.82 mg/g. Scope of results. The data obtained will used to develop effective materials and methods for water bodies pollution elimination.
Introduction. The article considers problems related to the need in a system of indicators assessing mining technological conditions variation based on mining dynamics monitoring as well as its harmful environmental impact, which is constant over an indefinite period of time. Besides, the introduction of a block of biogeochemical indicators into the general indicative system in order to develop effective methods of environmental rehabilitation is associated with the study of self-healing processes, which will allow managing these processes, thereby accelerating the formation of stable and well-functioning ecosystems. Research aim. Base on the research, the article aims to determine approaches to geoinformation monitoring to assess the dynamics of mining enterprises formation as integrated natural-technological systems in order to choose a strategy for the environmentally safe development of natural deposits and technogenic mineral formations. Methodology. An algorithm for assessing the dynamics of mining enterprises formation as naturaltechnological systems is considered as well as the main directions and tasks of geoinformation monitoring as a tool for controlling technical risks and compensating for environmental risks during the development of solid mineral deposits. Results. The article considers methodological aspects of systematic assessment of natural deposits and man-made formations development projects implementation based on geoinformation monitoring data. Besides, the dynamics of mining enterprises formation as natural-technological systems is proposed to be assessed based on the ideology of modeling transient processes where the object changes its parameters from some initial (initial) to prescribed (final) by the approved design documentation. The transition process at least involves: a transformed natural system, a technological system that changes or affects the natural one, and a socio-economic system being a complex where the organizational, financial and economic activities of the enterprise are implemented in management.
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