Modern science has achieved very significant results in different areas. For ordinary people, it is gratifying that such achievements help to treat complex diseases, and the technologies themselves now reduce the cost of treatment unlike the most other factors affecting the medicine. One of these areas of scientific knowledge is genetic engineering that can change only separate parts of the human body or influence the transformation of the human body in general. This raises ethical issues that provoke a large number of disputes in the society. To overcome them, there is a need for a clear conceptual understanding of the problems associated with the diagnosis and editing of the human genome, on the basis of which an effective normative legal framework that will satisfy the interests of all participants of these legal relations should be developed.
The article proposes an analysis of legislation and scientific research on the legal status of indigenous small peoples in foreign countries. Particular attention is paid to the types of public authorities and ombudsmen, the specifics of their legal status and the powers to protect the rights of indigenous peoples in different States. Specific mechanisms for the action of the law, in particular Aboriginal law based on the use of religious and moral traditions of small peoples, are proposed. Among the aspects of the legal protection of the child's interests are the discussion points of the independence of the legal status of the child and its implementation externally, including in the context of the implementation of parental rights. A special place is given to the problem of the law-making of public bodies created by indigenous peoples themselves.
Based on the analysis of the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the constitutions of foreign states and the current legislation, as well as domestic and foreign studies, the author argues that currently several kinds of secular States exist. They significantly differ from each other in the characteristics enshrined in their constitutions and legislation. Because of that, it is hard to talk about an indefinite classic secular State. Nevertheless, the author articulates the features that are characteristic of a large number of modern democratic secular States, and proposes the optimal model of the modern secular state. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of amendments made under the Law of the Russian Federation on the Amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of March 14, 2020, No 1-FKZ “On improvement of the regulation of certain issues of organization and functioning of public power” related to the secular State, especially amendments that formalize the attitude towards relations between the State and religious communities existing for centuries and developed in the territory of our Fatherland. The paper demonstrates special importance of interaction between prescriptions fixed in the constitutional provisions, constitutional legislation and moral principles enshrined in religious sources.
The paper based on the analysis of the provisions of the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918, the Constitution of the USSR of 1936, the Constitution of the USSR of 1977 shows the basic principles of organization and activity of the Soviets as representative authorities of the Soviet State. The author has analyzed research papers, primarily research papers and studies by Prof. Ekaterina I. Kozlova explaining the main stages and features of evolution of the essence and activity of the Soviets at all levels of the State. Also, the author has examined the shortcomings of the legal status and functioning of domestic representative bodies of state power — the Soviets — during the Soviet period.The study has demonstrated that with the adoption of the Constitution of Russia in 1993 , the Russian Federation witnessed the development of a fundamentally new, democratic stage of development of representative bodies of state power, as well as local self — government, based on the principles of democracy, separation of powers, federalism, autonomy of local self — government and its representative bodies.Having analyzed Prof. Kozlova research papers, the author has come to the conclusion that even on the example of her research of one of the most important institutions of the state — representative bodies of state power and local self-government in the Russian Federation — Prof. Kozlova made an outstanding contribution to the development of the science of constitutional law of Russia.
Genomic research are currently of key importance in the development of medicine. In order to carry out such activities, it is necessary not only to generate new genetic objects, but also to accumulate samples in the form of various biomaterials. Such collections in recent years are the pride of large biobanks, which spend the maximum amount of effort to save samples for subsequent research or application in practice. However, the functioning of biobanks has another side of the coin: the accumulation of certain information entails an increased level of responsibility for the collected data. In modern Russian conditions, the issues of information leakage from such institutions taking place in foreign countries are still irrelevant. In many ways, the reason for this is only the beginning of the normative legal regulation of the relevant social relations, which are only beginning to appear on the territory of our state. Therefore, there is every reason to believe that such problems will arise and it is important to solve them. Some proposals for such activities are set out in this paper.
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