Purpose of investigation: to reveal the combined influence of hypo (Zn, Fe) and hyper (Cd, Pb) microelementosis on functional status of the cardiovascular, endocrine systems and anxiety level of adolescents (13 years of age) living in a chemically contaminated area in Stavropol region. The level of microelements (Cd, Pb, Fe, Zn, Cu) in hair and nails was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry method, cortisol in saliva - by ELISA method. The state of the cardiovascular system and its regulatory mechanisms was determined by indicators of variational pulsometry. To assess anxiety level of adolescents test method "Anxiety scale" was used. The analysis of microelement composition of hair and nails in adolescents, living in conditions of chemical environmental pollution with Cd and Pb subliminal doses, revealed the presence of hypo- (Zn, Fe) and hyper- (Cd, Pb) microelementosis. At the same time, increased levels of cortisol in saliva more evident in boys, increased heart rate and mode amplitude, peassure of the central mechanisms of the heart function regulation have been discovered. Change of anxiety level was stated. It has been proved that the determination of the microelement composition of hair and nails can serve as a marker of environmental contamination and complex negative changes, including the imbalance of microelements in hair and nails, functional changes in leading adaptive systems - the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, cardio-vascular, changes of anxiety level can be used as a marker of dysaptation and predictor of psychosomatic problems.
Effects of low doses of piracetam, a psychotropic nootropic, on the memory of rats are studied. A positive effect of the drug in a dose many times lower than the doses used routinely is demonstrated on a model of elaboration of the active avoidance reaction. Key Words: piracetam; low doses; memory; conditioningPiracetam is the reference psychotropic drug belonging to the class of nootropics, agents which optimize the functions of the brain, notably memory [3]. Scientists working in various laboratories have experimentally (with rats) determined the doses of the drug which improve the processes of memory: 300 and 500 mg/kg [3,7].The results of studies of the evolution of molecular mechanisms of memory have shed light on the positive effect of piracetam on memory. The modification of the brain's genome (induction of DNA synthesis) during learning has been experimentally proven.The effects exerted by low doses of various chemicals, including neuropeptides, on the functional status of animals remain unclear [1,2,6], and, hence, a study of the effects of psychotropic agents in low doses on the higher brain functions seemed to be warranted.Our purpose was to investigate the effect of low doses of piracetam on the time course of memory formation in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe study was carried out with 52 outbred rats weighing 180 to 200 g. Three experimental series were performed. In the first series 29 rats were used, divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (n=14) animals were injected piracetam in low doses (1.6x10 "3 mg/kg), group 2 (n=6) the standard piracetam close (500 mg/kg), and group 3 (n=9) normal saline. In the second series of experiments the animals were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (n=8) received the drug in the aforesaid low dose, group 2 (n=7) norreal saline. In the third series the animals were injected low doses of the drug (n=8) or normal saline (n=7). All the solutions were injected intraperitoneally in a volume of 0.5 mi 30 min before the beginning of the experiment. Solutions of low piracetam doses were prepared as follows. The neeessary quantity of the drug was weighed with an accuracy of up to 10 -s g in thin-walled weighing bottles. Then the dry agent in the weighing bottle was put in a measuring flask with the solution. After thorough stirring the solution was poured into a 1-or 2-liter measuring flask and the volume brought to the needed quantity. The calculations were cartied out in mol/liter of solution (for example, dry agent for 1.41 mg/liter of solution is 10 -s mol/liter). Each concentration was prepared separately, without resorting to diluting ready-made solutions.
In order to identify the psychological factors of professional burnout of anesthesiologists and intensive care physicians, 61 physicians from the Arkhangelsk region were examined. Methods were used: questionnaire “Attitude to work and professional burnout” developed by V.A. Vinokur, McLean’s Organizational Stress Scale, Freiburg Personality Questionnaire (FPI), Anxiety Test developed by C.D. Spielberger and modified by Yu.A. Khanina, R. Lazarus and S. Volkman's Coping Test, methods for assessing the psychological atmosphere in the team developed by A.F. Fidler. It was established that 60,6% of anesthesiology and intensive care physicians have a high level of professional burnout. Three groups of factors affecting the emergence and development of professional burnout among physicians have been identified: individually personal (use of non-constructive coping strategies, high anxiety, emotional instability, depression, aggressiveness); socio-psychological (unfavorable socio-psychological climate in the team) and professional and organizational (lack of professional development and self-improvement, work tensions, low self-assessment of work quality, organizational stress). The article offers recommendations for the prevention of professional burnout in anesthesiology and intensive care physicians.
Men with a burdened alcohol anamnesis, convicted for repeated crimes, commit unlawful acts in penal institutions under the influence of frustration. Aim of this study is to give an assessment to the burdened alcohol anamnesis as a factor associated with commission by convicted of crime repetition wrongful acts connected with a willful behavior misconduct while serving a sentence in penal institutions. Methods: we performed a sociological survey (the author's questionnaire was used) in a strict regime correctional colony (penal institution) in a group of 433 men - prisoners who have committed high intentional crimes in virulent crimes repetition. Results: We found every second convicted person (43.4 %) regularly consumed alcohol (3-4 times a week) before committing a repeated crime, every second convicted person (40.6 %) was drunk at the moment of committing a repeated crime; every eighth convicted person (15.2 %) had signs of harmful alcohol consumption / alcohol dependence according to the Alcohol use disorders identification test's (AUDIT) results. Every third convicted person (35.6 %) intentionally violated the order of serving punishment in penal institutions (attack on other prisoners, escort, etc.). Every additional point in the AUDIT was associated with an increased probability of order violation by a convicted person in 1.061 times (p < 0,001). Conclusions: Alcohol consumption is a factor associated with a repeated crime comission. Burdened alcohol anamnesis predisposes convicted for repeated crime to commit wrongful acts in penal institutions.
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