Men with a burdened alcohol anamnesis, convicted for repeated crimes, commit unlawful acts in penal institutions under the influence of frustration. Aim of this study is to give an assessment to the burdened alcohol anamnesis as a factor associated with commission by convicted of crime repetition wrongful acts connected with a willful behavior misconduct while serving a sentence in penal institutions. Methods: we performed a sociological survey (the author's questionnaire was used) in a strict regime correctional colony (penal institution) in a group of 433 men - prisoners who have committed high intentional crimes in virulent crimes repetition. Results: We found every second convicted person (43.4 %) regularly consumed alcohol (3-4 times a week) before committing a repeated crime, every second convicted person (40.6 %) was drunk at the moment of committing a repeated crime; every eighth convicted person (15.2 %) had signs of harmful alcohol consumption / alcohol dependence according to the Alcohol use disorders identification test's (AUDIT) results. Every third convicted person (35.6 %) intentionally violated the order of serving punishment in penal institutions (attack on other prisoners, escort, etc.). Every additional point in the AUDIT was associated with an increased probability of order violation by a convicted person in 1.061 times (p < 0,001). Conclusions: Alcohol consumption is a factor associated with a repeated crime comission. Burdened alcohol anamnesis predisposes convicted for repeated crime to commit wrongful acts in penal institutions.
Background. Patients' satisfaction with medical care as a "subjective" component of a medical organization rating can be distorted by some factors. The aim of this study was to identify factors related to the medical care process in children's polyclinics that determine the parents' satisfaction with primary health care provided to their children. Methods. The sociological study by means of questioning of 215 parents (mothers) of children patients (0-17 years old) who received medical care in children's polyclinics in Arkhangelsk was carried out. Parents' satisfaction with primary health care was assessed according to three criteria: organization of the children's polyclinics work, satisfaction with the service process, and the presence (absence) of additional financial expenses for medical drugs. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the parents' satisfaction with primary health care provided to their children. Results. A half of the respondents (55.8 %, 95 % CI: 49.4-62.0) was satisfied with primary health care provided to their children. The respondents' satisfaction with medical care was significantly influenced by factors related to their personal communication with the pediatricians and medical personnel. Long wait (more than 1 month) for laboratory and instrumental examinations, additional consultations with specialists were not statistically significantly associated with parents' satisfaction with primary health care. Conclusion. Results of the study help to understand the mechanism of the development of the "patients' satisfaction with medical care"; indicate that "the proportion of parents who are satisfied with medical care" is not an independent criterion for the quality of medical care in children's polyclinics. Parents' satisfaction with primary health care provided to their children is determined by factors related to the quality of personal contact with the pediatrician.
Relevance. Road traffic injuries are a global pandemic and one of the leading causes of death in the population. Federal highway M-8 “Kholmogory” is the leading transport artery of the European North of the country; has pronounced features inherent in all northern roads: significant distances between settlements and difficult road conditions, which together increase the risk of road traffic accidents (RTA) with medical consequences, and also seriously complicate the process of providing medical care to injured.Intention. To analize provision of specialized medical care to injured in RTA on the federal highway M-8 “Kholmogory” in the Arkhangelsk region during the hospital period and propose improvements.Methodology. Domestic and foreign publications on the organizational approaches to the provision of specialized medical care to injured in road traffic accidents during the hospital period were analyzed based on specialized scientific search engines (eLibrary, PubMed, Scopus).Results and Discussion. Problems in the organization of medical care to injured in RTA on the federal highway M-8 “Kholmogory” in the Arkhangelsk region during the hospital period were identified and systematized. The ways of its improvement are outlined.Conclusion. Implementation of the measures proposed will reduce medical and sanitary consequences, concomitant road traffic injuries on the federal highway, including disability and mortality in the medium and long term.
Ключевые слова:алкоголь-атрибутивная смертность; методология уче-та; паттерн потребления алкоголя. РезюмеРассмотрены основные методологические под-ходы к определению алкоголь-атрибутивной смертности (ААС) в России и за рубежом. Дана характеристика ААС как явления со сложной внутренней структурой. Определено, что в на-стоящее время отсутствует единая концеп-ция ААС, перечень состояний, в нее входящий. Проанализированы основные методологические проблемы определения масштаба ААС в Рос-сии и за рубежом. Установлено, что роль пат-терна потребления алкоголя, двунаправленное действие вредного для здоровья потребления спиртного не учитываются в полной мере при расчете масштаба явления. Выявлены отличия в методологических подходах к учету ААС в Рос-сии и за рубежом. Установлено, что проведение отдельных эпидемиологических исследований, направленных на определение масштаба ААС вне официальной статистической системы, вы-звано рядом объективных причин: отсутстви-ем возможности учитывать все случаи смерти от алкоголь-атрибутивных состояний в плане работ национальных статистических служб и низкой достоверностью первичной медицин-ской документации. ВВЕДЕНИЕПотребление алкоголя занимает особое место в перечне ведущих факторов риска популяционно-го здоровья человечества. В Европейском регионе оно несет максимальные по масштабу негативные медико-социальные последствия. В ряде стран пост-советского пространства, в том числе и России, алко-голь, как фактор избыточной алкоголь-атрибутивной заболеваемости и смертности (ААЗ и ААС), признан угрозой национальной безопасности [5].Актуальность изучения методологических под-ходов к учету ААС определяется следующими при-чинами.Во-первых, во второй половине XX -нача-ле XXI веков был накоплен достаточный объем данных, позволяющих утверждать, что алкоголь ассоциирован с возникновением более чем 230 со-стояний (травм, болезней), имеющих коды в Меж-дународной классификации болезней (МКБ-10) [24]; и примерно для 60 состояний алкоголь явля-ется необходимым (обязательным) условием; для оставшихся почти 200 -компонентным фактором (component cause) в интерпретации зарубежных исследователей [23, 24].Во-вторых, ежегодные глобальные алкогольные потери, т. е. случаи смерти от указанных выше со-стояний, составляют более 2,5 млн случаев [24]. Вредное для здоровья потребление алкоголя яв-ляется третьим по значимости фактором потери трудового потенциала человечества после низкой массы при рождении и незащищенных половых связей. До 10 % DALY (disability adjusted life years) -интегрального индикатора, демонстрирующего «цену» того или иного фактора риска для глобально-го популяционного здоровья, относится к алкоголю [23, 24]. В мире в возрастной группе от 34 до 64 лет каждый четвертый мужчина (25 %) и каждая вось-мая женщина (13 %) преждевременно погибают от алкоголь-атрибутивных состояний. Медианное значение показателя средней продолжительности жизни умерших от ААЗ мужчин меньше на 15 лет; женщин -на 24 года [30]. Избыточная ААС обуслов-ливает 25 % разницы в значении показателя ожида-емой продолжительности жиз...
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