There is a pressing issue in prevention medicine related to improving approaches to detecting risk factors and reducing incidence with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Such approaches include analyzing health risks associated with adverse impacts exerted by environmental factors. Our research goal was to assess incidence with CAP in initially healthy organized communities made up of cadets under influences exerted by a set of factors related to a body adapting to training at higher military educational establishments as well as to specific sea climate in Kaliningrad enclave. We applied epidemiologic analysis to assess incidence with CAP in educational establishments with different training conditions. We determined peculiarities related to registering disease cases among local students and those who came from other Russian regions; we also comparatively analyzed annual incidence among first-year cadets. Incidence among first-and second-year cadets was authentically higher than among senior ones. First-year students accounted for the greatest share in the overall incidence and it proved that adaptation to training was a truly significant factor. Incidence among cadets from other regions was higher and it proved that acclimatization to specific climatic and weather conditions was also a significant factor. Higher incidence among cadets who had poorer training conditions during their first and second training year confirmed that training conditions could also be considered a risk factor that caused CAP. Two peaks in annual morbidity among first years cadets were likely due to both a factor related to a new organized community formation and seasonal factors. The fact that the disease is detected among cadets at each year makes it necessary to analyze incidence with CAP in order to detect probable "specific" risk factors and to provide differentiated prevention for each year.
Introduction. It is relevant to determine periods of adaptation of local and non-resident students coming from other Russian regions to learning conditions. The objective of our study was to measure duration of cadets’ adaptation to the learning environment as assessed by the incidence of respiratory diseases in view of synergistic effects of health risk factors in the Kaliningrad enclave. Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the incidence of respiratory diseases in cadets of two military universities (n = 3,381, n = 2,013) by cohorts (local and non-resident students) for five academic years in general and by year. Results. The proportion of respiratory diseases in university cadets was as high as 70.9 ± 2.0 and 52.1 ± 1.1 % in Universities 1 and 2, respectively. The share of respiratory diseases in the first and fifth-year students was 72.3 and 59.9 % in University 1,and 60.3 and 38.1 % in University 2, respectively. The respiratory disease incidence in non-resident cadets was 1.8 and 1.2 times higher than that in locals: 1,102.6 ± 6.2 versus 617.7 ± 24.5 ‰ and 477.6 ± 14.1 versus 388.2 ± 16.1 ‰ (p = 0.001) in Universities 1 and 2, respectively. We found differences in the rates of acute sinusitis, acute tonsillitis, upper respiratory tract infections and influenza, community-acquired pneumonia, and lower respiratory tract infections between local and non-resident cadets. In the second university, differences in the incidence of acute sinusitis and upper respiratory tract infections were still observed in third-year students while in the first university they were still pronounced in cadets during the fourth year of study. We suppose that they might be attributed to learning conditions, ratios of local to non-resident cadets, differences in living conditions and nutrition between the students. Conclusion. Duration of the period of adaptation of military university cadets to conditions of learning is influenced by a synergistic effect of adverse environmental factors. Adaptation of non-resident cadets lasts longer due to acclimatization to weather and climate conditions of the enclave. The incidence of respiratory diseases proves the differences in learning conditions between the universities.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.