Substances inhibiting or preventing oxidative damage in the target molecule are called antioxidants. It has been shown that antioxidants are substances that contribute to the prevention of a number of serious human diseases, and antioxidant activity is one of the important parameters for the quality of food products and ingredients. Phenolic compounds are of greatest importance for this review. It is now established that whole grain cereals contain a large number of bound polyphenols. It is known that cereals have high nutritional value, contain unsaturated fatty acids, basic mineral elements, proteins and β-glucans, and are also characterized by the presence of various chemical substances with antioxidant properties. In recent years, work has begun in some Western countries to study the content of antioxidants in various grains. In Russia, only a small amount of work has been devoted to the study of these important chemical compounds in grain crops. It should be noted that, although these species are considered to be one of the main components of human nutrition, research in the field of determining their antioxidant activity has not been sufficiently carried out. In order to attract the attention of plant growers, plant breeders, plant physiologists, geneticists and biotechnologists, we offer a review of current literature.

With the aim of studying the influence of genotype and climatic conditions on the content of β-glucans, fat and protein in grain, oat samples were grown in the Krasnoyarsk territory region and the Republic of Khakassia for three years. The object was 1 naked and 2 husked samples of oats of Krasnoyarsk selection. The content of β-glucans and fat was measured on an automatic grain analyzer Infratec Analyzer 1241 using 50 ml cuvette. In parallel, standard methods were used to measure other chemical and physical characteristics of oat grain: protein content in the grain, its filminess, weight of 1000 grains. It was found that the husked samples formed a grain with a content of β-glucan in it about 3% and naked over 4%, while a noticeable advantage of the naked sample compared with the husked in the content of protein and fat in the grain was found. Cultivation of different oat samples in two geographical areas of Eastern Siberia for three years showed insignificant positive impact of climatic conditions of Khakassia on the content of β-glucans in grain, its size and filthiness and negative impact on fat and protein content. Comparison of the content of β-glucans and fat in oat grain of three varieties from two geographical points revealed a significant effect of the genotype (63.6 and 66.6%, respectively) and a slight influence of the point of cultivation, as well as the interaction of the genotype×point. The existence of strong negative links between the weight of 1000 grains and the content of β-glucans, fat or protein in the grain, as well as strong positive reliable links between the content of β-glucans and fat in the grain.

С целью выявления образцов с минимальным и максимальным содержанием β-глюканов в зерне проведен скрининг сортов овса, выращенного в условиях Восточной Сибири в течение трех лет. Для определения перспективности дальнейшего использования образцов овса параллельно измеряли другие химические, физические и продукционные характеристики: содержание белка и масла в зерне, пленчатость зерна, натуру, массу 1000 зерен, продолжительность вегетационного периода и величину урожайности. Объектом комплексной оценки служили 14 пленчатых и 5 голозерных образцов овса коллекции Всероссийского института генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР) различного географического происхождения. Пленчатые образцы формировали зерно с содержанием β-глюканов от 2.9 до 5.2 %, голозерные-от 3.7 до 4.8 %. По минимальным значениям этого показателя выделились сорта красноярской селекции-Тубинский, Казыр, Саян (около 3 %), по максимальному-зарубежный образец Местный Тунис 1 (5.2 %). Наибольшее содержание масла в зерне имеют возделываемые в настоящее время в Красноярском крае сорта Тубинский, Казыр и Саян. Повышенное накопление белка в зерне обнаружено у пленчатого сорта Местный Тунис 1 и голозерного образца Вятский. По содержанию β-глюканов в зерне с учетом других его характеристик и величины урожайности лучшие образцы для крупяного направления (максимальный уровень этих веществ)-Местный Тунис 1, Медведь и Тайдон, а для кормового использования (минимальный уровень)-Тубинский, Вятский и Голец. Не обнаружено заметного преимущества голозерных образцов по сравнению с пленчатыми по содержанию β-глюканов в зерне. У пленчатых образцов отмечена высокая сила положительной связи между содержанием масла либо β-глюканов в зерне и годом выращивания овса. У голозерных форм четкой связи между содержанием рассматриваемых химических веществ в зерне разных образцов овса и годом их выращивания не установлено. Ключевые слова: овес посевной; оценка; зерно; вегетационный период; масса 1000 зерен; урожайность; натура; пленчатость; масло; белок; β-глюканы.

Генетика и селекция растений Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции • 2018 • 22 • 3 Селекция на повышенное содержание антиоксидантов в зерне

S u m m a r yOn the ground of data of foreign literature the authors consider the target utilization of barley in connection with -glucans in grain. The authors analyzed the influence of a genotype, climatic conditions and agronomic methods of plant growing on -glucans content in barley corn. The information was presented about physiologo-biochemical parameters -glucans, which may be helpful for a development of indirect estimation of breeding material. Thus, it was fixed the negative correlation between -glucans content in barley grain on the one hand and value of 1000seeds mass, amylose and starch content, ash percent, corn yield -on the other hand. The strong positive correlation was found between the content in corn of -glucans, lipids, protein and the grain-unit and its hardness. The existence of such correlations makes possible the development of indirect estimation during barley breeding on heightened/reduced -glucans content in grain. It was shown, that glumaceous amylose-free varieties are more advanced agronomically (in arid climate, especially), as they are able to realize a substantial potential of yield with high content of -glucans. The authors made a conclusion about an importance of genetic variability in content of -glucans in barley grain for successful breeding on this determinant.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the total content of antioxidants (TAC) in the national Khakass product talgan consisted of oats grain. Talgan was prepared according to traditional (frying, grinding) and innovative (grinding, frying) methods. In this series of experiments, three oat cultivars were used: Argument (chaffy caryopsis), Tubinsky (chaffy caryopsis) and Golets (bare-grained). All samples were grown on the territory of the Beysk state section of the Republic of Khakassia, which was characterized by favorable climatic conditions for growing grain with a high antioxidant content. For TAC determination in grain, 2 solvents were used - bidistilled water and 70% ethanol. The TAC measurement was performed on ‘Tsvet Yauza-01-AA’. Gallic acid was used as a reference sample. In oat talgan, prepared according to the traditional method from chaffy caryopsis samples, the total content of antioxidants had a higher value than that before processing (regardless of the nature of eluting solvent). However, the opposite tendency was observed in the case of bare-grained sample. Higher rates among all samples were recorded when using hot bidistilled water as eluting solvent. The use of innovative method for production of talgan showed that the total content of antioxidants in all samples had higher values in comparison with the traditional method. Using a three-factor analysis, it was found that the TAC values in oat talgan were two-thirds dependent on the method of preparing the product; solvent nature and genotype affected much less.

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Background.The aim of the research was to identify barley germplasm accessions with the minimum and maximum content of β-glucans in their grain in combinations with other improved useful traits.Material and methods.The material for analysis were 18 hulled and 8 naked barley accessions of various ecogeographic origin from the collection of the N.I. Vavilov AllRussian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), which were grown under the conditions of Eastern Siberia in 2016–2018.Results.Hulled accessions yielded grains with β-glucan content from 3.18 to 4.51%; naked ones, from 3.18 to 5.21%. According to the minimum value of the studied qualitative trait (3.18–3.43%), cultivars of Siberian breeding were identified: ‘Mayak’ (k-29622, Krasnoyarsk Territory) and ‘Tarsky 3’ (k-30719, Omsk Province), plus cv. ‘AC Albright’ (k-30599, Canada); according to the maximum value (5.06–5.21%), the naked accessions Nudum 155 (k-13328, Ukraine) and ‘Nudum 95’ (k-31125, Chelyabinsk Province). The highest protein content in grain (16.63–18.36%) was found in the accessions Nudum 155, Nudum 7566 (k-29453, Kyrgyzstan) and ‘Nudum 95’. The accessions Nudum 155 and ‘Nudum 95’ were characterized by combined high contents of β-glucans and protein in their grain. Early maturity and increased productivity were shown by the cultivars ‘Tarsky 3’, ‘Kolchan’ (k-31039, Altai Territory), ‘Zolotnik’ (k-30845, Altai Territory), ‘Abalak’ (Krasnoyarsk Territory, Tyumen Province), and ‘AC Albright’ (Canada). A significant positive relationship was found between the content of β-glucans and the weight of 1000 grains in both forms of barley.Conclusion.According to β-glucan content combined with other valuable characteristics in grain, the accessions ‘Mayak’, ‘Tarsky 3’ and ‘AC Albright’ are of interest for the improvement of fodder cultivars, while ‘Nudum 95’ and Nudum 155 are promising for breeding for food.