The coronavirus pandemic has raised serious questions about the need to properly inform residents of large cities about the rules of hygiene, behavior in self-isolation, and maintaining health. This study aimed to identify in more detail the sources of information and to assess the levels of awareness and knowledge of the inhabitants of a typical metropolis about coronavirus infection to further search for ways to improve health information during pandemics. This research has a questionnaire survey design. Data from 478 adult Muscovites were collected on 20–25 March 2020 by the Institute of Social Sciences of Sechenov University. The aim of this study was to study the level of awareness in preventing the spread of infection and peculiarities in the perceptions of residents of the city of Moscow toward the large-scale social changes associated with the COVID-19 pandemic as well as their impact on the way of life, social relations, lifestyle, and ideas about the future of the population. This article presents the results of a medical and sociological survey of residents of Moscow implemented at the beginning of the spread of coronavirus infection in the country, which showed the awareness of residents of Moscow regarding the problem of the spread of coronavirus and the prevention of infection as well as a high level of anxiety and the pessimistic expectations of respondents regarding the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for the state, society, and people. At the same time, the fears of the survey participants involved both immediate risks of the disease and a wide range of socioeconomic problems from near and distant perspectives.
The aim of the work was to conduct a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of patients with pneumonia caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and to determine via mathematical methods the significance of some physiological and biochemical indices as predictive markers of an unfavorable outcome of the disease. A random cohort of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia numbered 209 people. Mathematical analysis addressed the physiological characteristics of patients recorded at the time of hospital admission, as well as blood coagulation parameters and those reflecting the development of an inflammatory reaction. The analyzed parameters were categorized relative to the reference ranges of physiologically normal values. Correlation analysis was carried out using categorical data on the disease outcome. The algorithms for calculating statistical characteristics, as well as results visualization, were programmed in Python. When comparing patient groups, the significance of differences between the determined parameters was assessed using the Pearson’s χ 2 test with Yates’ correction. The study showed that the age over 50 and male sex can be considered risk factors for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia ( p < 0.05). The disease outcome was found to be significantly affected by cardiovascular pathologies ( p < 0.01) and to a lesser extent by diabetes mellitus ( p < 0.10). There were revealed maximal correlation coefficients between the oxygen saturation level (–0.43), as well as the breathing rate (0.43), and a fatal outcome of the disease. For patients over 50 years of age, oxygen saturation below 80% at the time of hospital admission turned out to be a marker of mortality. It was shown that D-dimer blood levels above 625 ng/mL in patients over 80 years of age correlated with mortal outcomes. No correlation was found between the C-reactive protein (CRP) level and the disease outcome. The effect of corticosteroids on the disease outcome was analyzed in patients with different CRP levels. It was found that, while using corticosteroids, the mortality rate in patients with CRP ≤ 12.5 mg/L is 2.7 times higher than in those with CRP > 12.5 mg/L ( p < 0.01). Thus, the use of adequate mathematical methods made it possible to define more precisely some mortality-associated physiological and biochemical indices in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Проведено открытое сравнительное исследование эффективности и безопасности цитофлавина на 50 пациентов, перенесших COVID-19, у которых развились легкие когнитивные нарушения после выписки из инфекционного стационара. Опрос проводили с использованием Монреальской шкалы когнитивной оценки (тест MoCA) для исследования когнитивного статуса, а также опросника SF-36 для определения параметров качества жизни пациентов и оценки уровня астении, тревожности и депрессии во время наблюдения (в начале исследования и через 10 дней инфузионной терапии). Пациенты основной группы получали цитофлавин внутривенно в течение 10 дней в дозе 10 мл на 100 мл 0,9 % раствора натрия хлорида, группа сравнения — «активное плацебо» (100 мл 0,9 % раствора натрия хлорида). У пациентов основной группы в динамике наблюдения и в сопоставлении с группой плацебо отмечались значимые различия по количеству жалоб на головокружение, головную боль, снижение умственной работоспособности. В МоСА-тесте регистрировали более высокий общий балл на фоне улучшения уровня когнитивных функций: внимания на 13,2 %, p ≤ 0,05 (по результатам субтеста повторения числового ряда в прямом и обратном порядке и субтеста на хлопок на букву А); регуляторных навыков на 9,8 %, p ≤ 0,05 (по результатам субтеста беглости речи; зрительно-пространственных навыков на 11,4 %, p ≤ 0,05 (по результатам субтеста рисования часов); повторение фразы на 11,3 %, p ≤ 0,05 и литеральных ассоциаций на 11,5 %, p < 0,05. По результатам опросника SF-36 отмечено существенное улучшение качества жизни в среднем на 19,5 %, p ≤ 0,05 (по показателям физического функционирования, интенсивности боли, общего состояния, жизненной активности и показателей психического здоровья). Переносимость цитофлавина у всех пациентов была хорошей, побочных эффектов при применении препарата не было. Цитофлавин в комплексном лечении пациентов, перенесших инфекцию вызванную SARS-CoV-2, с развитой энцефалопатией/легкими когнитивными нарушениями в составе постковидного синдрома, позволяет снизить неврологический дефицит и способствует восстановлению нейрокогнитивных функций.