In this study, the defining development pathways of "A", "B" and "C" licenced coaches in Malaysia, were examined from the perspective of identifying critical issues and challenges. This research was guided by principles of evolved grounded theory (EGT), (Strauss & Corbin, 1990). Twelve participants were recruited based on the principles of theoretical sampling (Strauss & Corbin, 1998), eventually a cross section of "A", "B" and "C" licenced coaches were recruited that adequately represented the various levels. In-depth semi-structured interviews were used to explore how participants organised and understood their coaching experiences was used with a recursive design whereby newly identified themes could be explored in subsequent interviews. Furthermore, probe questions were also used to explore ideographic themes and issues relevant to each interviewee. Initially data analysis involved creating electronic written transcripts of the participant's answer during the interviews. The data underwent systematically construction, deconstruction and reconstruction stages. As expected, stages of development emerged as a central overarching category. Based on the analysis, the following four stages of development emerged, a) pre-accreditation, b) participation, c) developmental and d) performance. These four stages of development formed the central structure of the constructed grounded theory.
This study aims to identify the leadership style of football coach among teachers in the Selangor Hulu Langat District. The research design is through the interview method. A total of 12 teachers that act as school football coaches were involved in this study. Data analysis was conducted using thematic methodology to find the important themes. The results show that football coaches in Hulu Langat Selangor district schools use leadership styles based on the situation. To conclude, the coaches did not possess any consistent or permanent leadership style, but are influenced by the maturity factor of the athlete. The results of this study are important as can be used as guidelines in developing football players in school in Malaysia.
This study compares the Malaysian coaching process’s key development themes with Cote and Gilbert’s (2009) Effective Coaching Model in Malaysian football development. The participant selection is based on purposive sampling involving fourteen head coaches from State Sports Schools throughout Malaysia. In addition, an in-depth semi-structured interview with open-ended questions was carried out and analysed following Glaser and Strauss’s constant comparative method (1967). Based on the analysis, the following seven new development themes have emerged in the context of the Malaysian coaching process as compared to Cote and Gilbert, Effective Coaching Model: i) signature coaching, ii) risk management, iii) fun elements, iv) empowerment, v) spirituality, vi) life skills and vii) coaching intervention. Subsequent exploration is recommended to identify how this knowledge is integrated into the coaching process and applied in the Malaysian football development program.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different training routine designs in enhancing the athlete's specific anaerobic ability based on the specific characteristics of football. The proposed training design serves to improve football athletes' specific anaerobic ability. The study involved eighteen football players from the Xi'an Institute of Physical Education men's football team. This researcher collected the data via expert interviews, maximum heart rate experiment test and blood lactic acid test. The data was analysed statistically using t-test The anaerobic training method was measured using Polar Team 2 heart rate monitoring system and Lactate Pro. The training routine design involved 1) two types of specific anaerobic training routines with maximum speed and 2) anaerobic endurance training in four-goal small-sided games with two different interval ratios. The findings indicated that the two training routine designs exhibit a non-synchronization feature in terms of the variations in heart rate and exercise intensity in the training routine, with Type 1 lactic acid value approaching the normal endpoint and Type 2 slightly increasing. Meanwhile, the results showed that the heart rate and lactic acid levels in Type 1 are more significant than in Type 2 in four-goal small-sided games. This implied that the training routine designs of varied intensities and controlled variables can enhance the specific anaerobic ability of the football athletes. Through the different combinations and training schedules of aerobic training, anaerobic training, and muscle strength training in this research, relevant theories and design ideas are provided to support further studies. Future researchers can delve into how to monitor the changes in blood lactic acid values of athletes under different intensity training and explore more optimized training programs by changing different training content and requirements.
The main aim of this study is to obtain the validity and reliability of tactical skills assessment instrument for talent identification among Malaysian male young football players aged 13 to 14 years old. Five sub attributes are used to measure the attributes of tactical skills, which are offensive skills, one-on-one skills, defensive skills, defensive to offensive transition and offensive to defensive transition. A total of 120 male football players aged 13 to 14 years old who underwent training under the Malaysia National Football Development Programme were selected as study samples. Pearson correlation analysis were used to obtain validity of field experts. Cronbach's alpha analysis were used to obtain reliability coefficient of the assessment instrument on tactical skills. Factor analysis was used to obtain the construct validity of the questionnaire items. The factor analysis results showed 20 questionnaire items are valid from the overall 38 items constructed. The result of Pearson correlation analysis shows the value of field experts validity is r = .83. Cronbach's alpha analysis of the questionnaire items obtained high reliability value of α = .91 and the internal consistency coefficient for each sub attributes are offensive skills (α = .82), one-on-one skills (α = .81), defensive skills (α = .84), defensive to offensive transition (α = .82) and offensive to defensive transition (α = .81). The scale can be considered a suitable instrument to assess tactical skill levels among male young soccer players aged 13 to 14 years old.
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