Background Some patients with COVID-19 pneumonia also present with kidney injury, and autopsy findings of patients who died from the illness sometimes show renal damage. However, little is known about the clinical characteristics of kidneyrelated complications, including hematuria, proteinuria, and AKI.Methods In this retrospective, single-center study in China, we analyzed data from electronic medical records of 333 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, including information about clinical, laboratory, radiologic, and other characteristics, as well as information about renal outcomes. ResultsWe found that 251 of the 333 patients (75.4%) had abnormal urine dipstick tests or AKI. Of 198 patients with renal involvement for the median duration of 12 days, 118 (59.6%) experienced remission of pneumonia during this period, and 111 of 162 (68.5%) patients experienced remission of proteinuria. Among 35 patients who developed AKI (with AKI identified by criteria expanded somewhat beyond the 2012 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes definition), 16 (45.7%) experienced complete recovery of kidney function. We suspect that most AKI cases were intrinsic AKI. Patients with renal involvement had higher overall mortality compared with those without renal involvement (28 of 251 [11.2%] versus one of 82 [1.2%], respectively). Stepwise multivariate binary logistic regression analyses showed that severity of pneumonia was the risk factor most commonly associated with lower odds of proteinuric or hematuric remission and recovery from AKI.Conclusions Renal abnormalities occurred in the majority of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Although proteinuria, hematuria, and AKI often resolved in such patients within 3 weeks after the onset of symptoms, renal complications in COVID-19 were associated with higher mortality.

IMPORTANCE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent risk factor for chronic liver disease and cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of moderate and vigorous exercise on intrahepatic triglyceride content and metabolic risk factors among patients with NAFLD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this randomized clinical trial, participants with central obesity and NAFLD were recruited from community-based screening in Xiamen, China, from

Irisin, a recently identified novel myokine, drives brown-fat-like conversion of white adipose tissues and has been proposed to mediate beneficial effects of exercise on metabolism. Circulating irisin was significantly reduced in type 2 diabetes patients; however, no evidence is available about its association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and effects of adiposity and muscle mass on circulating irisin have been controversial. Cross-sectional data on socio-demographic, lifestyle, clinical characteristics and serum irisin were collected for 1,115 community-living Chinese adults with central obesity. Associations of serum irisin with MetS (central obesity plus any two of the following four factors (raised blood pressure (BP), raised fasting plasma glucose (FPG), raised triglyceride (TG), and reduced HDL cholesterol) and each component of MetS were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Among the 1,115 obese Chinese adults with a mean age of 53.2(±7.2) years, serum irisin levels (log-transformed) were significantly reduced in subjects with MetS and raised FPG than their control groups (p = 0.034 and 0.041, respectively). After adjustment for potential confounders, serum irisin was significantly associated with reduced risks of MetS and raised FPG, with odds ratios (ORs) (95% CI) per standard deviation of log-transformed irisin of 0.796 (0.505–0.959, p = 0.027) and 0.873 (0.764–0.998, p = 0.046), respectively. Associations of irisin with raised BP, raised TG and reduced HDL were not statistically significant ((ORs) (95% CI): 0.733(0.454–1.182, p = 0.202), 0.954(0.838–1.086, p = 0.478) and 1.130(0.980–1.302, p = 0.092), respectively). Stepwise multivariable linear regression analysis showed that fasting insulin, HbA1c and albumin/globulin ratio were negatively associated with serum irisin level with statistical significance (all p-values <0.05) and waist circumference was negatively associated with serum risin with marginally statistical significance (p = 0.055). These results imply that irisin may play an important role in insulin resistance and MetS and should be confirmed in future prospective studies.

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In summary, among the wide heterogenetic population, modest associations between VVV of SBP and all-cause mortality, CVD incidence, CVD mortality, CHD incidence, and stroke incidence were found. Findings of the current study suggested that standardized approaches of monitoring VVV in the high-risk population, including patients with cardiac infarction, diabetes, stroke, and patients with chronic kidney disease or in dialysis, are necessary in designing a prospective clinical study on the association of VVV and patients' prognosis.

These findings indicate that YY1 plays a crucial role in obesity-associated hepatosteatosis, through repression of FXR expression.

Abstract-Oxidative stress is associated with vascular remodeling and increased preglomerular resistance that are both implicated in the pathogenesis of renal and cardiovascular disease. Angiotensin II induces superoxide production, which is metabolized by superoxide dismutase (SOD) or scavenged by NO. We investigated the hypothesis that SOD1 regulates renal microvascular remodeling, blood pressure, and arteriolar responsiveness and sensitivity to angiotensin II using SOD1-transgenic (SOD1-tg) and SOD1-knockout (SOD1-ko) mice. Blood pressure, measured telemetrically, rose more abruptly during prolonged angiotensin II infusion in SOD1-ko mice. The afferent arteriole media:lumen ratios were reduced in SOD1-tg and increased in SOD1-ko mice. Afferent arterioles from nontreated wild types had graded contraction to angiotensin II (sensitivity: 10 Ϫ9 mol/L; responsiveness: 40%). Angiotensin II contractions were less sensitive (10 Ϫ8 mol/L) and responsive (14%) in SOD1-tg but more sensitive (10 Ϫ13 mol/L) and responsive (89%) in SOD1-ko mice. Arterioles from SOD1-ko had 4-fold increased superoxide formation with angiotensin II at 10 Ϫ9 mol/L. N G -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester reduced arteriole diameter of SOD1-tg and enhanced angiotensin II sensitivity and responsiveness of wild-type and SOD1-tg mice to the level of SOD1-ko mice. SOD mimetic treatment with Tempol increased arteriole diameter and normalized the enhanced sensitivity and responsiveness to angiotensin II of SOD1-ko mice but did not affect wild-type or SOD1-tg mice. Neither SOD1 deficiency nor overexpression was associated with changes in nitrate/nitrite excretion or renal mRNA expression of NO synthase, NADPH oxidase, or SOD2/SOD3 isoforms and angiotensin II receptors. In conclusion, SOD1 limits afferent arteriole remodeling and reduces sensitivity and responsiveness to angiotensin II by reducing superoxide and maintaining NO bioavailability. This may prevent an early and exaggerated blood pressure response to angiotensin II. (Hypertension. 2010;56:907-913.) Key Words: afferent arterioles Ⅲ CuZnSOD Ⅲ hypertension Ⅲ ICSOD Ⅲ oxidative stress Ⅲ superoxide Ⅲ SOD1 Ⅲ kidney O xidative stress implies a shift in the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the action of antioxidant systems and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of renal and cardiovascular disease. 1,2 NADPH oxidase is an important source of superoxide (O 2 Ϫ ) in the vasculature. O 2 Ϫ that escapes metabolism by superoxide dismutase (SOD) can inactivate NO, 3 and growing evidence demonstrates that oxidative stress and NO deficiency in the kidney contribute to vascular dysfunction and hypertension. 3 Furthermore, a potential crosstalk between NADPH oxidase and SOD activities has been suggested. 4,5 SOD exists as 3 different isoforms: copper-zinc SOD (SOD1), predominately located in the cytoplasm; manganese SOD (SOD2) in the mitochondria; and extracellular SOD (SOD3) in the extracellular space. 6 SOD1 accounts for 60% to 80% of SOD activity in the kidneys and also h...

Objective-To evaluate the associations between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherosclerosis. Methods and Results-A total of 8632 participants aged ≥40 years from Jiading district, Shanghai, were included in the present study. The presence of NAFLD was evaluated by ultrasonography. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) were measured in each participant. The prevalence of NAFLD was 30.0% in the total population, with 30.3% in men and 29.9% in women, respectively. Subjects with NAFLD had remarkably higher CIMT and ba-PWV compared with those without NAFLD (0.594±0.105 mm versus 0.578±0.109 mm, P<0.0001; 1665±424 cm/s versus 1558±430 cm/s, P<0.0001). Subjects with both NAFLD and metabolic syndrome had significantly higher CIMT and ba-PWV compared with those with neither or either of these 2 diseases after adjustment for age and sex (all P<0.05). Logistic regressions also revealed that NAFLD conferred 35% and 30% increased odds ratios of elevated CIMT and ba-PWV, independent of conventional risk factors and the presence of metabolic syndrome. Key Words: atherosclerosis ◼ brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity ◼ carotid intima-media thickness ◼ metabolic syndrome ◼ nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Conclusion-NAFLD