BackgroundThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on metabolic profiles in diabetic patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).MethodsThis randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed among 60 diabetic patients with CHD, aged 40–85 years at a cardiology clinic in Kashan, Iran, from October 2017 through January 2018. Patients were randomly divided into two groups to take either probiotic supplements (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 12 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at the beginning of the study and after the 12-week intervention to determine related markers.ResultsAfter 12-week intervention, probiotic supplementation significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose (β − 20.02 mg/dL; 95% CI − 33.86, − 6.17; P = 0.005), insulin (β − 2.09 µIU/mL; 95% CI − 3.77, − 0.41; P = 0.01), insulin resistance (β − 0.50; 95% CI − 0.96, − 0.03; P = 0.03) and total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio (β − 0.27; 95% CI − 0.52, − 0.03; P = 0.02), and significantly increased insulin sensitivity (β 0.008; 95% CI 0.001, 0.01; P = 0.02) and HDL-cholesterol levels (β 2.52 mg/dL; 95% CI 0.04, 5.00; P = 0.04) compared with the placebo. Moreover, probiotic supplementation led to a significant reduction in serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (β − 0.88 mg/L; 95% CI − 1.39, − 0.38; P = 0.001), and a significant elevation in total antioxidant capacity (β 108.44 mmol/L; 95% CI 47.61, 169.27; P = 0.001) and total glutathione levels (β 45.15 µmol/L; 95% CI 5.82, 84.47; P = 0.02) compared with the placebo. Probiotic supplementation did not affect other metabolic profiles.ConclusionsOverall, we found that probiotic supplementation for 12 weeks had beneficial effects on glycemic control, HDL-cholesterol, total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic patients with CHD.Trial registration Clinical trial registration number http://www.irct.ir: IRCT2017082733941N5
This study was conducted to examine the effects of vitamin D, K and Ca co-supplementation on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and metabolic status in overweight diabetic patients with CHD. This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among sixty-six diabetic patients with CHD. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups to take either 5 µg vitamin D, 90 µg vitamin K plus 500 mg Ca supplements (n 33) or placebo (n 33) twice a day for 12 weeks. Fasting blood samples were obtained at the beginning of the study and after the 12-week intervention period to determine related markers. Vitamin D, K and Ca co-supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in maximum levels of left CIMT (−0·04 (SD 0·22) v. +0·04 (SD 0·09) mm, P = 0·02). Changes in serum vitamin D (+6·5 (SD 7·8) v. +0·4 (SD 2·2) ng/ml, P < 0·001), Ca (+0·6 (SD 0·3) v. +0·1 (SD 0·1) mg/dl, P < 0·001) and insulin concentrations (−0·9 (SD 3·1) v. +2·6 (SD 7·2) µIU/ml, P = 0·01), homoeostasis model for assessment of estimated insulin resistance (−0·4 (SD 1·2) v. +0·7 (SD 2·3), P = 0·01), β-cell function (−2·1 (SD 9·0) v. +8·9 (SD 23·7), P = 0·01) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0·007 (SD 0·01) v. −0·006 (SD 0·02), P = 0·01) in supplemented patients were significantly different from those in patients in the placebo group. Supplementation resulted in significant changes in HDL-cholesterol (+2·7 (SD 7·0) v. −2·5 (SD 5·7) mg/dl, P = 0·002), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (−1320·1 (SD 3758·3) v. +464·0 (SD 3053·3) ng/ml, P = 0·03) and plasma malondialdehyde concentrations (−0·4 (SD 0·5) v. −1·0 (SD 1·1) µmol/l, P = 0·007) compared with placebo. Overall, vitamin D, K and Ca co-supplementation for 12 weeks among diabetic patients with CHD had beneficial effects on maximum levels of left CIMT and metabolic status. The effect of vitamin D, K and Ca co-supplementation on maximum levels of left CIMT could be a chance finding.
The Editor-in-Chief has been alerted to concerns about the integrity of the above article and is investigating the claims. The concerns have also been referred to the Iranian National Committee for Ethics in Biomedical Research. This statement will be updated when both investigations have been completed and the authors have been given the opportunity to respond to the outcomes of those investigations.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.