No abstract

As a part of their digital transformation, municipalities across Europe have taken initiatives to support Open Data platforms and provide services leveraging on data. This challenges the traditional business driven IT strategy promoted by several Enterprise Architecture methodologies, which are designed to operate within a single enterprise that has a complete overview of its data and ICT systems. We envisage scenarios where public and private collaborative networks provide value added services to its citizens by leveraging on data. In this paper, we propose an Enterprise Architecture Framework for Cities to support them maneuvre smartly within their data space to create value added services through a variety of collaborative networks or Virtual Enterprises that bridge organisational boundaries. The novel elements of this Enterprise Architecture Framework are a DataxChange, the Value-Added Services and Virtual Enterprise layers. This work has been conducted within the EU H2020 Smart City project +CityxChange.

Managing the complexity of the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) services in smart cities raises a need to use enterprise architecture frameworks to solve the complexity issues. However, the majority of the existing enterprise architecture frameworks have been developed to address the concerns and issues of the stakeholders in their associated world. To address challenges including complexity, multi-stakeholders and the serviceoriented nature of smart cities, this paper presents an enterprise architecture framework that can be used as a way to manage enterprise architectures in smart cities. This framework focuses on establishing contextual requirements and definitions for smart city systems and services. In contrast to other approaches, in this paper we focus on two important layers, i.e., context layer and service layer, as well as their relationships. The framework is valuable in developing smart services. It also contributes to the understanding of smart city enterprise architectures.

Many researchers believe that tacitness of knowledge contributes to incomplete knowledge flow. In this article, the authors focus on obtaining the required mechanical and electrical tacit knowledge for architectural conceptual design purpose by observing activities of a design team involved in a green building project. The authors used the case study research methodology to demonstrate how the authors could utilize Macmillan's conceptual design framework and integrate it with the structure of repertory grid technique to obtain a framework of knowledge-based conceptual design for a green building project. The contribution of this study is developing a technique for capturing tacit knowledge during the conceptual design process that leads to an improvement in knowledge movements during the architectural conceptual design stage.

In order to provide a seamless customer experience, researchers and practitioners have proposed creation of an omnichannel retailing environment by integrating online and offline channels. Channel integration necessitates use of digital technologies and there are myriads of technological solutions available. However, retailers are struggling with selection and implementation of suitable technologies to add value through channel integration. Despite the strong practical need, this issue has not been effectively addressed in the academic literature. This paper presents an omnichannel value chain underpinned by Porter's value chain model. We identify ten channel integration activities for value creation by carrying out a synthesis of current research on omnichannel retailing. Enabling digital technologies are then mapped to these activities using technology implementation examples and provide a guideline for retailers to select appropriate technologies for the identified value creation activities.