Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (FT1DM) has received clinical attention for its low incidence and poor prognosis. Currently, few cases of FT1DM are associated with pregnancy in clinical practice, but it poses a great threat to the life of mothers and infants. Here, we present two cases of FT1DM in pregnancy. In Case 1, the patient was a 26-year-old woman who was admitted to the hospital with reduced fetal movement. She was diagnosed with FT1DM and delivered a dead female fetus. Lispro and lantus were administered to control blood glucose, and lipoic acid for antioxidant therapy. In Case 2, the patient was a 28-yearold woman who developed nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and polydipsia, which later proved to be FT1DM. An abortion was induced and blood glucose levels were controlled using an insulin pump. All physicians should be aware of this disease in order to provide prompt diagnosis and emergency treatment, thus improving maternal prognosis. We suggest that plasma glucose/ hemoglobin A1C ratio be adopted as a new clinical parameter in predicting FT1DM.

Increased intracranial pressure after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an urgent problem in clinical practice. A pliable hydrogel is preferred for cranioplasty applications after TBI since it can protect brain tissue and promote bone healing. Nevertheless, biohydrogels for cranial bone regeneration still face challenges of poor mechanical properties, large swelling ratios, and low osteogenesis activity. Herein, inspired by Hofmeister effects, biopolymer hydrogels composed of protein and polysaccharides were treated with a Hofmeister series including a series of monovalent and divalent anions. Our results reveal that the divalent anion-cross-linked biohydrogels exhibit stronger mechanical properties and lower swelling ratios compared with monovalent-anion treated gels. Intriguingly, the divalent HPO 4 2− anion induced biohybrid hydrogels with excellent mechanical behaviors (3.7 ± 0.58 MPa, 484 ± 76.7 kPa, and 148.3 ± 6.85 kJ/m 3 ), anti-swelling capability (16.7%), and gradual degradation ability, significantly stimulating osteogenic differentiation and in vivo cranial bone regeneration. Overall, this study may provide new insights into the design of biomimetic hydrogels for treating cranial bone defects after TBI.

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a synthetic polymer that has been extensively studied for fabricating porous membranes via electrospinning for diverse biomedical applications. However, the poor mechanical properties of electrostatically spun PVA nanofiber membranes severely limit their application in the biomedical field. Therefore, porous, tough hybrid PVA‐based fibrous membranes were prepared by introducing poly (1,8‐octanediol citrate) (POC) into PVA fibrous membranes followed by sodium citrate treatment. The tensile modulus, fracture strength, and fracture toughness of the sodium citrate‐treated PVA/POC (CPP) membranes achieve 119.81 ± 5.32 MPa, 10.34 ± 1.57 MPa and 401.51 ± 11.67 MJ m−2, respectively, which were ∼60, ∼10, and ∼4 times higher than those achieved by the pristine PVA membrane. Moreover, the novel CPP membranes exhibited suitable biodegradation ratios and high cell/issue affinities, suggesting their potential biomedical applications in soft or hard tissue repair. This strategy, which provides porous structures, high mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility, demonstrates a facile but effective approach for the development of advanced biomaterials.