No abstract

No abstract

A triple-band perfect plasmonic metamaterial absorber based on a metal/insulator/metal (MIM) structure is designed. A new freedom through tuning the thicknesses of each ring structures is introduced to realize a quasi-three-dimensional perfect absorber at three extinction wavelengths by using the finite difference time domain method. The physical machine is explained by the time domain field analyses and the coupled mode theory. The characteristics of the absorber make our proposed strategy applicable for the design of more general multiband and broadband perfect absorbers. In addition, these perfect absorbing metamaterials are found to exhibit excellent performance in refractive index sensing.

To date, few structural models of VHH antibody binding to low molecular weight haptens have been reported. Here, we report the crystal structure of cortisol binding to its VHH antibody NbCor at pH 3.5 and 10.5. Cortisol binds to NbCor mainly by burying itself under the tunnel formed by the complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) of NbCor. The affinity of NbCor binding to cortisol and similar compounds was also verified by a microscale thermophoresis assay. Combining our findings with several previously reported structures of hapten‐VHH antibody complexes, we propose that VHH antibodies exhibit a special mechanism of binding small haptens by encapsulating them in a tunnel formed by CDR1. Our findings provide useful structural information for the further development and optimization of hapten‐specific VHH antibodies.

Experimental solubility data of sodium naphthalene-1,5-disulfonate in five neat solvents (water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, acetone) and three binary solvent systems (water + ethanol, water + 2-propanol, water + acetone) at different temperatures from 283.15 to 323.15 K were determined by the gravimetric method. The experimental results showed that three kinds of polymorphs appeared in the investigated solvent systems, and the solubility of sodium naphthalene-1,5-disulfonate all increased with increasing temperature and water content. According to the data measured, water was suitable to be the positive solvent, while methanol was considered to be a less-effective antisolvent due to its relatively large dissolving capacity. By means of our research, the solubility of sodium naphthalene-1,5-disulfonate in the neat solvents had a relation with the polarity of the solvents. The solubilities of sodium naphthalene-1,5-disulfonate were fitted by the modified Apelblat, Jouyban-Acree, van’t Hoff-Jouyban-Acree, and Apelblat-Jouyban-Acree models. The results showed that the four models can predict the experimental values very well.

No abstract

The solubility of l-alanine in five binary systems water + methanol, water + ethanol, water + 1-propanol, water + 2-propanol, and water + acetone and 12 neat solvents (water, 1-butanol, methanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-pentanol, 1-propanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, and acetone) was determined by the gravimetrical method within the temperature range from 283.15 to 323.15 K under atmospheric pressure. The experimental results indicated that the solubility increased with increasing temperature and mole ratio of water in all investigated solvents and decreased with the rise of the mole fraction of five different organic solvents in the binary solvent systems. The order of l-alanine solubility in the selected pure solvents was water > 1-butanol > methanol ≈ 2-butanol > 2-methyl-1-propanol ≈ 1-pentanol ≈ 1-propanol ≈ ethanol > 2-propanol > ethyl acetate > acetonitrile > acetone. The solubility was mathematically represented by the modified Apelblat, Jouyban–Acree, and Apelblat–Jouyban–Acree models. All the models can be found to agree well with the data in the experiment.

No abstract