Cellulases are enzymes responsible for the degradation of cellulose, the major compound in plant cells. Cellulose is a polysaccharide composed of several glucose units linked together by chemical bonds. Cellulases, such as endoglucanases, beta-glucosidase and exoglucanases, break the chemical bonds between the glucose units. Fungi, including the endophytic species, can be great cellulase producers. This study aimed to evaluate cellulase production by four endophytic strains of Trichoderma reesei in semi-solid media containing sugarcane bagasse, supplemented or not with salts. Two fermentations were carried out for 43 days. Samples were taken every seven days to obtain production peaks. The enzymes were characterized by their optimum pH and temperature of activity and stability upon incubation in the presence of ions, pH and temperature variations. The results showed that the endophytic strains FB1, FB2, FB3 and FB4 of Trichoderma reesei produce cellulases in a sugarcane bagasse medium, supplemented or not with salts, at pH 5.5 and 30˚C. The supplemented medium proved to be more appropriate to induce cellulase production after 29 days of fermentation, with FB4 having the best yield: 16.32 ± 2.65 IU/gram of fermented substrate.

Acne vulgaris is a common skin disorder caused by inflammation and/or blockage of the pilosebaceous follicle. This research is a literature review study that is descriptive in nature and seeks to compile information on the factors related to the etiopathogenesis of the clinical manifestations of acne vulgaris. A survey was conducted in the Web of Science database in the period from January to May 2019, using the keywords "acne vulgaris, etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology". The etiopathogenesis of acne vulgaris is multifactorial, but most studies list the following factors: like diet, daily habits, age, genetics, abnormalities in the production of sebum, follicular hyperkeratinization, increased colonization by Cutibacterium (formerly Probionibacterium) acnes, periglandular dermal inflammation, oxidative stress and immune reactions of the patient. Topical and/or systemic treatments for acne vulgaris, often includes retinoid-associated antibiotics. However, improper use of these can lead to bacterial resistance, in addition, it may trigger adverse effects at epidermis and dermis. The results obtained in this study are important in relation to the treatment of the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. It is believed that this information - when analyzed together - can help with a better definition of the therapeutic protocol.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of the aqueous extract of the leaves of the "verbena" (gervão roxo) Stachytarpheta cayennensis, (Rich.) Vahl. (Verbenaceae), by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) on different species and strains of the genus Candida. In this study, the species Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida stellatoidea, Candida dubliniensis and Candida krusei were included. Four strains of C. albicans and three of C. tropicalis were used, while for the other species only one strain was tested. These yeasts were used in this study because of their importance and frequency in the oral cavity. The yeasts were subjected to treatments with concentrations of the aqueous extract ranging from 0.09 to 25 mg mL-1. The results indicated, however, that concentrations of less than 12.5 mg mL-1 were insufficient to show a fungistatic or fungicidal effect. The concentration of 12.5 mg mL-1 showed a fungistatic effect on most tested strains and species, C. albicans CαFB-12 and ATCC-44858; C. tropicalis CFB-22 and CFB29. The fungicidal effect (MFC) was observed only on the species C. krusei for the concentration of 12.5 mg mL-1. Based on the employed methodology, it is concluded that the aqueous extract of S. cayennensis showed an antifungal, mainly fungistatic, effect on oral Candida species.

Landslides occur predominantly in the rainy season, in spring and summer. The soggy soil increases the risk of accidents in areas of hillsides improperly occupied by families, who, in times of economic crisis, settle in places unfit for housing. Thus, this opinion article aims to make a school booklet with preventive actions against landslides, so that this information reaches the knowledge of children in the 1st year of elementary school, which in a playful and simple way can spread these actions among their social network.

In the current scenario caused by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, biosafety practices in the cleaning of surfaces, equipment and accessories used in aesthetic care are essential to ensure the health of professionals and clients who attend the health, beauty, and wellness segments. In view of the importance of preserving and preparing the work environment for safe attendance, issues related to procedures, materials and processes for cleaning, disinfecting and sterilizing equipment and accessories used in aesthetic environments according to the degree of criticality have been elucidated.