D-Glucans possess immunomodulatory activities and potential for the development of new therapeutic agents. Biological activities can be enhanced in these biopolymers through chemical derivatization, e.g., carboxymethylation. This work presents the carboxymethylation, characterization and the evaluation of antioxidant activities of the exocellular (1 → 6)-β-D-glucan produced by Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMPI. Thermal analysis indicated that the native and carboxymethylated polysaccharides presented four stages of mass-loss. The first stage occurred at 125°C (loss of water) with two consecutive events of mass loss (200-400°C) attributed to polymer degradation and the fourth stage between 425 and 620°C (final decomposition). Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that the gross morphological features of lasiodiplodan were ruptured following carboxymethylation. X-ray diffractometry analysis demonstrated that the native and carboxymethylated polysaccharides presented a non-crystalline structure. Carboxymethylation contributed to improving the polysaccharide's water solubility and antioxidant capacity.
Treatment with B. dracunculifolia extracts protected pancreatic islets and prevented the irreversible cellular damage observed in animals in obesity and diabetes models.
O uso abusivo de inseticidas químicos na agricultura pode trazer grandes prejuízos à saúde humana, ao meio ambiente e pode causar o aumento na abundância de pragas agrícolas, graças ao desequilíbrio resultante da destruição de inimigos naturais, como fungos entomopatogênicos, importantes no controle biológico de pragas agrícolas. O trabalho visa a avaliar a interferência de dois fungicidas químicos, Nativo® e Bendazol®, sob o desenvolvimento dos fungos Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum; Metarhizium flavoviride var. flavoviride; Metarhizium anisopliae var. lepidiotum, sendo utilizados no controle biológico na cultura da soja. Os testes foram realizados in vitro, em meio de cultura BDA, na presença dos fungicidas na concentração recomendada para uso no campo em seis diluições e teste controle. Foi avaliado o efeito tóxico do fungicida por meio do crescimento vegetativo do fungo. O fungicida Nativo® apresentou CIM de 20 μL/L, para o fungo M.anisopliae var. acridum; CIM de 150 μL/L para o fungo M. flavoviride var. flavoviride; CIM de 350 μL/L, parao fungo M. anisopliae var. lepidiotum. O fungicida Bendazol® apresentou CIM de 170 μL/L para o fungo M.anisopliae var. acridum; CIM de 350 μL/L, para o fungo M. flavoviride var. flavoviride; CIM de 350 μL/L, parao fungo M. anisopliae var. lepidiotum. Dessa forma, pode-se concluir que os fungicidas Nativo® e Bendazol® inibem o crescimento das linhagens de Metarhizium sp.
A mylases are very important and have a wide range of applications. Semi-solid state fermentation is increasingly used for the production of enzymes, since it requires simple technology and costs are low. In this regard, it is worth emphasizing the importance of rice as a substrate, due to its readily availability and low cost. This study evaluated the ability of the fungus Cylindrocladium sp. to produce α-amylase and amy loglucosidase. The studies were carried out with the fungus strain Cylindrocladium sp. with a rice-based substrate. The material was kept in an oven at 28 °C for 96 hours and measured every 24 hours. Fo r the quantification of amy loglucosidase enzymes, the DNS reagent method was adopted. The α-amylase activity was determined by measuring the concentration of starch using iodine dosage. Analysis of the data obtained in this study showed that the fungus Cylindrocladium sp. produces α-amylase and amyloglucosidase enzymes; peak production for α-amy lase was at 72 hours with 245.02 U/g, and at 92 hours for amy loglucosidase with 73.58 U/g. Through the interpretation of these results it was possible to conclude that the fungus Cylindrocladium sp. produces relevant values of the enzy mes α-amylase and amy loglucosidase.
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