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ABSTRACT. A new species of Astyanax belonging to the Astyanax scabripinnis complex is described from dos Touros River, tributary of the Pelotas River, Uruguay River basin. Astyanax taurorum sp. nov. is distinguished from other species of the Astyanax scabripinnis species complex by having two humeral spots, the first vertically elongated; teeth of inner row of premaxilla with three to five cusps; 2-3 (modes 2 or 3) maxillary teeth; 20-23 (mode 22) branched anal-fin rays; 13-15 (mode 14) gill rakers on lower branch of the first branchial arch; 20-23 (mode 21) total gill rakers in first branchial arch; 33-36 (mode 35) perforated lateral line scales. Astyanax taurorum sp. nov. is similar to Astyanax paris; nevertheless, it can be readily distinguished from it by having a smaller head depth (73.6-83.1% vs. 86.4-95.6%) and smaller interorbital width (24.1-28.0%vs. 30.8-32.8%). In addition, it differs from A. paris by the presence a posttemporal hook-shaped posterodorsal margin.

Phenacogaster apletostigma sp. nov. distingue-se por apresentar uma grande mancha umeral verticalmente alongada que se estende desde a linha lateral até quase o dorso do corpo e apresenta um prolongamento na porção ântero-dorsal. Tanto a forma quanto o tamanho da mancha não são encontrados em nenhuma outra espécie do gênero e é aqui considerada uma autapomorfia da espécie. Habita o sistema do rio Araguari, no Estado do Amapá, Brasil.

Deuterodon pedri was briefly described in 1908 by Carl Eigenmann on the basis of seven specimens of 73–100 mm standard length (SL), all "in very poor condition" according to the author. In the original description, Eigenmann did not mention the location where the specimens were captured, even though the publication presented results of the Thayer expedition to Brazil (Eigenmann 1908: 93).

e Scaphopoda, a maior parte proveniente do sul do Brasil. As duas primeiras classes são as mais representativas, com 96% do total. A coleção possui 10.650 lotes tombados e 164.674 espécimes, com representantes de espécies endêmicas, invasoras e ameaçadas de extinção. Neste artigo apresentam-se informações gerais sobre a composição do acervo. Palavras-chave: Mollusca; malacofauna; Rio Grande do Sul. ABSTRACTThe mollusks collection at the PUCRS Museum of Science and Technology has representatives of the classes Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda, Polyplacophora and Scaphopoda, mostly from the South of Brazil. The first two classes are the most heavily represented, comprising 96% of the catalogued lots. The collection comprises 10,650 lots and 164,674 specimens, and includes endemic, invasive and endangered species. An overview of the collection composition will be given.

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large‐scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications.

Sicydium punctatum, previously known from Panamá, Caribbean islands, and coastal drainages of Venezuela, has a distribution that extends up to coastal drainages of Bahia state, Brazil. The genus Sicydium is formally recorded for Brazilian freshwaters. Comparisons are made between S. punctatum and other species of the genus based on data from the literature and presented here.