Minimum mortality temperature (MMT) is an important indicator to assess the temperature-mortality relationship. It reflects human adaptability to local climate. The existing MMT estimates were usually based on case studies in data rich regions, and limited evidence about MMT was available at a global scale. It is still unclear what the most significant driver of MMT is and how MMT will change under global climate change. Here, by analysing MMTs in 420 locations covering six continents (Antarctica was excluded) in the world, we found that although the MMT changes geographically, it is very close to the local most frequent temperature (MFT) in the same period. The association between MFT and MMT is not changed when we adjust for latitude and study year. Based on the MFT~MMT association, we estimate and map the global distribution of MMTs in the present (2010s) and the future (2050s) for the first time.

Recent studies have reported a variety of health consequences of climate change. However, the vulnerability of individuals and cities to climate change remains to be evaluated. We project the excess cause-, age-, region-, and education-specific mortality attributable to future high temperatures in 161 Chinese districts/counties using 28 global climate models (GCMs) under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs). To assess the influence of population ageing on the projection of future heat-related mortality, we further project the age-specific effect estimates under five shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). Heat-related excess mortality is projected to increase from 1.9% (95% eCI: 0.2–3.3%) in the 2010s to 2.4% (0.4–4.1%) in the 2030 s and 5.5% (0.5–9.9%) in the 2090 s under RCP8.5, with corresponding relative changes of 0.5% (0.0–1.2%) and 3.6% (−0.5–7.5%). The projected slopes are steeper in southern, eastern, central and northern China. People with cardiorespiratory diseases, females, the elderly and those with low educational attainment could be more affected. Population ageing amplifies future heat-related excess deaths 2.3- to 5.8-fold under different SSPs, particularly for the northeast region. Our findings can help guide public health responses to ameliorate the risk of climate change.

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We report the anisotropic magneto-transport measurement on a non-compound band semiconductor black phosphorus (BP) with magnetic field B up to 16 Tesla applied in both perpendicular and parallel to electric current I under hydrostatic pressures. The BP undergoes a topological Lifshitz transition from band semiconductor to a zero-gap Dirac semimetal state, characterized by a weak localization-weak antilocaliation transition at low magnetic fields and the emergence of a nontrivial Berry Phase of π detected by SdH magneto-oscillations in magnetoresistance curves. In the transition region, we observe a pressure-dependent negative MR only in the B I configuration. This negative longitudinal MR is attributed to the Adler-Bell-Jackiw anomaly (topological E · B term) in the presence of weak antilocalization corrections.PACS numbers: 74.20. Rp, 74.25.Ha, 74.70.Dd More recently a new kind of topological materials termed Dirac or Weyl semimetal, three-dimensional (3D) analogs of two-dimensional graphene, has been intensively investigated both theoretically and experimentally in that Dirac or Weyl semimetal is a phase of matter that provides a solid state realization of chiral Weyl fermions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Most of its unique physics is a consequence of chiral anomaly, namely non-conservation of the number of quasiparticles of a given chirality. This extraordinary property is notably characterised by a large and strongly anisotropic negative magneto-resistance (MR) which exists in the case when the electric and magnetic fields are collinearly aligned. Indeed, following the theoretical prediction, the chiral anomaly-induced negative MR has been notably realized in Dirac semimetal Cd 3 As 2 [9,10] Recently the narrow band-gap semiconductor, black phosphorus (BP), has been revived owing to the realization of mono-layered crystalline structure (phosphorene) and the exhibition of promising carrier mobilities, possible a new candidate for next-generation electronic and spintronic devices [20][21][22][23][24]. Fundamentally, BP has a relatively low band gap which can be further reduced by increasing the interlayer coupling. As its counterparts, slight change in the crystal structure thus strongly modifies the band gap of BP [25,26]. In particular, first-principle calculation predicts that BP posses a unique band structure, whose dispersion is nearly linear along the armchair direction [27,28]. Recent photoemission and magneto-transport measurements appear to support the theoretical prediction that bulk BP host 3D Dirac semimetal phase [29,30]. Therefore, in such Dirac semimetal of BP, there is strong interest in whether the chiral anomaly can be detected as a negative contribution to the longitudinal MR. In this paper we apply a moderate hydrostatic pressure to drive bulk BP into a semimetallic state. By anisotropic magnetoresistance measurements we observe a large negative MR only in the presence of electric and magnetic fields aligned collinearly. This negative longitudinal MR is attributed to the Adler-Bell-Jackiw ...

There is a long-standing confusion concerning the physical origin of the anomalous resistivity peak in transition metal pentatelluride HfTe5. Several mechanisms, such as the formation of charge density wave or polaron, have been proposed, but so far no conclusive evidence has been presented. In this work, we investigate the unusual temperature dependence of magneto-transport properties in HfTe5. It is found that a three-dimensional topological Dirac semimetal state emerges only at around Tp (at which the resistivity shows a pronounced peak), as manifested by a large negative magnetoresistance. This accidental Dirac semimetal state mediates the topological quantum phase transition between the two distinct weak and strong topological insulator phases in HfTe5. Our work not only provides the first evidence of a temperature-induced critical topological phase transition in HfTe5 but also gives a reasonable explanation on the long-lasting question.

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