A branch-like Mo-doped Ni3S2 nanoforest is presented as a robust electrocatalyst for boosted energy-saving H2 production through the overall urea electrolysis.

As a nontraditional T-cell subgroup, γδT cells have gained popularity in the field of immunotherapy in recent years. They have extraordinary antitumor potential and prospects for clinical application. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which are efficacious in tumor patients, have become pioneer drugs in the field of tumor immunotherapy since they were incorporated into clinical practice. In addition, γδT cells that have infiltrated into tumor tissues are found to be in a state of exhaustion or anergy, and there is upregulation of many immune checkpoints (ICs) on their surface, suggesting that γδT cells have a similar ability to respond to ICIs as traditional effector T cells. Studies have shown that targeting ICs can reverse the dysfunctional state of γδT cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and exert antitumor effects by improving γδT-cell proliferation and activation and enhancing cytotoxicity. Clarification of the functional state of γδT cells in the TME and the mechanisms underlying their interaction with ICs will solidify ICIs combined with γδT cells as a good treatment option.

Urea electrolysis is a potential energy-efficient hydrogen (H 2 ) production method that can simultaneously purify urea-rich wastewater. However, the lack of inexpensive and effective electrocatalysts for the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) hampers its widespread use. Herein, hierarchically porous and ultrathin Ni(OH) 2 nanostructures in situ grown onto nickel foam (Ni(OH) 2 @NF) are developed as efficient and durable electrocatalysts for UOR via a simple and cost-effective ultrasonic/heating-assisted activation strategy. The ultrathin Ni(OH) 2 nanostructures comprise highly active surfaces and rapid diffusion pathways for active species; meanwhile, the excellent electrical conductivity of the NF skeletons effectively improves the charge transfer of the catalyst. Consequently, this Ni(OH) 2 @NF electrode exhibits excellent urea catalytic activity (low oxidation potential of ∼1.35 V at 10 mA cm −2 ) and has remarkable operational stability (potential increase by only 0.22% after 40 h of durability testing) that is superior to most UOR catalysts. By employing the freestanding electrode as the anode and commercial Pt/C supported on NF as the cathode, this two-electrode urea electrolysis cell exhibited a current density of 50 mA cm −2 at a low cell voltage (1.45 V, 250 mV below a urea-free counterpart) with a robust durability (>40 h). This work provides a valuable insight for designing scalable and high-performance UOR electrocatalysts, which are promising for utilization in energy-efficient H 2 production.

In this paper, an acceleration sensing node for pavement vibration was developed to monitor traffic information, including vehicle speed, vehicle types, and traffic flow, where a hardware design with low energy consumption and node encapsulation could be accomplished. The service performance of the sensing node was evaluated, by methods including waterproof test, compression test, sensing performance analysis, and comparison test. The results demonstrate that the sensing node is low in energy consumption, high in strength, IPX8 waterproof, and high in sensitivity and resolution. These characteristics can be applied to practical road environments. Two sensing nodes were spaced apart in the direction of travelling. In the experiment, three types of vehicles passed by the monitoring points at several different speeds and values of d (the distance between the sensor and the nearest tire center line). Based on cross-correlation with kernel pre-smoothing, a calculation method was applied to process the raw data. New algorithms for traffic flow, speed, and axle length were proposed. Finally, the effects of vehicle speed, vehicle weight, and d value on acceleration amplitude were statistically evaluated. It was found that the acceleration sensing node can be used for traffic flow, vehicle speed, and other types of monitoring.

Highly conductive and elastic three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon materials are ideal platforms to fabricate electrodes for high-performance compressible supercapacitors. Herein, a robust, highly conductive, and elastic carbon foam (CF) hybrid material is reported, which is fabricated by integrating cellulose nanofiber/multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNF/ MWCNT) aerogel sheets with a melamine sponge (MS), followed by carbonization. The carbonized CNF/MWCNT aerogel sheets contribute to the high conductivity and specific surface area of the CF, and the 3D network-like skeleton derived from the carbonization of the MS enhances the elasticity and stability of the CF. More importantly, the CF possesses good scalability, allowing the introduction of electroactive materials such as polypyrrole (PPy) and Fe 3 O 4 to fabricate high-performance compressible PPy−CF and Fe 3 O 4 −CF electrodes. Moreover, an assembled PPy−CF//Fe 3 O 4 −CF device shows reversible charging−discharging at a voltage of 1.6 V and demonstrates a high specific capacitance (172.5 F/g) and an outstanding energy density (59.9 W h/kg). The device exhibits capacitance retention rates reaching 98.3% and stable energy storage characteristics even under different degrees of compressive deformation. This study offers a scalable strategy for fabricating high-performance compressible supercapacitors, thereby providing a new means of satisfying the energy storage needs of portable electronic devices that are prone to deformation.

No abstract

No abstract

This paper presents studies that focus on fire and explosion-induced damage of tunnel structures by employing the Discrete Element Method (DEM). By assuming a two-dimensional aggregate distribution and reconstructing the digital representation of the experimental concrete blocks, a numerical model of the tunnel lining concrete was established in the PFC2D program. The temperature distribution and the shock wave pressure at the surface of the tunnel lining were obtained by using Fluent and LS-Dyna separately; the final damage simulation of concrete section under different conditions was carried out in PFC2D. The results showed that PFC2D cooperatively provided more accurate and effective modeling and visualization of impact damage of concrete blocks. The visualizations of damage indicated the degree of damage more clearly and more intuitively. These findings also provide a potential method for further study of the damage assessment for entire tunnel lining structures.