Lysyl oxidase-like 3 (LOXL3), a human disease gene candidate, is a member of the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family and is indispensable for mouse palatogenesis and vertebral column development. Our previous study showed that the loss of LOXL3 resulted in a severe cleft palate and spinal deformity. In this study, we investigated a possible role for LOXL3 in mouse embryonic lung development. LOXL3-deficient mice displayed reduced lung volumes and weights, diminished saccular spaces, and deformed and smaller thoracic cavities. Excess elastic fibres were detected in LOXL3-deficient lungs, which might be related to the increased LOXL4 expression. Increased transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) expression might be involved in the up-regulation of LOXL4 in LOXL3-deficient lungs. We concluded that the loss of LOXL3 attenuates mouse embryonic lung development.
Lgl1 was initially identified as a tumour suppressor in flies and is characterised as a key regulator of epithelial polarity and asymmetric cell division. A previous study indicated that More-Cre-mediated Lgl1 knockout mice exhibited significant brain dysplasia and died within 24h after birth. To overcome early neonatal lethality, we generated Lgl1 conditional knockout mice mediated by Pax2-Cre, which is expressed in almost all cells in the cerebellum, and we examined the functions of Lgl1 in the cerebellum. Impaired motor coordination was detected in the mutant mice. Consistent with this abnormal behaviour, homozygous mice possessed a smaller cerebellum with fewer lobes, reduced granule precursor cell (GPC) proliferation, decreased Purkinje cell (PC) quantity and dendritic dysplasia. Loss of Lgl1 in the cerebellum led to hyperproliferation and impaired differentiation of neural progenitors in ventricular zone. Based on the TUNEL assay, we observed increased apoptosis in the cerebellum of mutant mice. We proposed that impaired differentiation and increased apoptosis may contribute to decreased PC quantity. To clarify the effect of Lgl1 on cerebellar granule cells, we used Math1-Cre to specifically delete Lgl1 in granule cells. Interestingly, the Lgl1-Math1 conditional knockout mice exhibited normal proliferation of GPCs and cerebellar development. Thus, we speculated that the reduction in the proliferation of GPCs in Lgl1-Pax2 conditional knockout mice may be secondary to the decreased number of PCs, which secrete the mitogenic factor Sonic hedgehog to regulate GPC proliferation. Taken together, these findings suggest that Lgl1 plays a key role in cerebellar development and folia formation by regulating the development of PCs.
Cellular polarity is crucial for brain development and morphogenesis. Lethal giant larvae 1 (Lgl1) plays a crucial role in the establishment of cell polarity from Drosophila to mammalian cells. Previous studies have found the importance of Lgl1 in the development of cerebellar, olfactory bulb, and cerebral cortex. However, the role of Lgl1 in hippocampal development during the embryonic stage and function in adult mice is still unknown. In our study, we created Lgl1‐deficient hippocampus mice by using Emx1‐Cre mice. Histological analysis showed that the Emx1‐Lgl1−/− mice exhibited reduced size of the hippocampus with severe malformations of hippocampal cytoarchitecture. These defects mainly originated from the disrupted hippocampal neuroepithelium, including increased cell proliferation, abnormal interkinetic nuclear migration, reduced differentiation, increased apoptosis, gradual disruption of adherens junctions, and abnormal neuronal migration. The radial glial scaffold was disorganized in the Lgl1‐deficient hippocampus. Thus, Lgl1 plays a distinct role in hippocampal neurogenesis. In addition, the Emx1‐Lgl1−/− mice displayed impaired behavioral performance in the Morris water maze and fear conditioning test.
Lethal giant larvae 1 (Lgl1) was initially identified as a tumor suppressor in Drosophila and functioned as a key regulator of epithelial polarity and asymmetric cell division. In this study, we generated Lgl1 conditional knockout mice mediated by Pax2-Cre, which is expressed in olfactory bulb (OB). Next, we examined the effects of Lgl1 loss in the OB. First, we determined the expression patterns of Lgl1 in the neurogenic regions of the embryonic dorsal region of the LGE (dLGE) and postnatal OB. Furthermore, the Lgl1 conditional mutants exhibited abnormal morphological characteristics of the OB. Our behavioral analysis exhibited greatly impaired olfaction in Lgl1 mutant mice. To elucidate the possible mechanisms of impaired olfaction in Lgl1 mutant mice, we investigated the development of the OB. Interestingly, reduced thickness of the MCL and decreased density of mitral cells (MCs) were observed in Lgl1 mutant mice. Additionally, we observed a dramatic loss in SP8+ interneurons (e.g. calretinin and GABAergic/non-dopaminergic interneurons) in the GL of the OB. Our results demonstrate that Lgl1 is required for the development of the OB and the deletion of Lgl1 results in impaired olfaction in mice.
Machinery is the most important basic tool for modern times, and it is also an indispensable sharp weapon for creating big country projects. The production line management of general machinery is particularly important. Traditional production line management causes a lot of labor waste, time waste, and low production efficiency, so the efficiency of production line management also determines the quality and output of general machinery. Therefore, it has become an industry consensus to realize intelligent management in the manufacturing process of general machinery. General machinery is not only a complex industrial structure but also has a series of preconditions that are not conducive to production, such as the diversity of parts and the low precision of preparation in the early stage. Therefore, to realize automation in the field of construction machinery manufacturing, it usually faces more challenges. Whether it is traditional production process or automatic production process, the realization of intelligent production line is the primary problem, because both production efficiency and product quality are determined by the efficient production line management efficiency and exquisite process. The workload of production line management is heavy, which is time-consuming, labor-consuming, and expensive. Adhere to the goal of quality first, and how to improve the efficiency of the production line has become the biggest problem at present. Based on the above problems, this paper adopts intelligent computing model to improve the efficiency of production line management and optimize the process. A series of tedious processes from product adoption to final shipment of production lines need intelligent technology to simplify the process, which can effectively improve the production efficiency of general machinery, reduce production costs, and improve the production quality of machinery. Supply chain management theory is used to manage suppliers’ production behavior, so as to reduce costs and improve quality and service, thus improving the competitiveness of batch production lines and enterprises. Advanced manufacturing technology is used to realize automation and flexible production of batch production lines, thus improving the rapid response ability of production lines to market demand.
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