Periodontitis is a bacterial infectious disease leading to the loss of periodontal supporting tissues and teeth. The current guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes for periodontitis treatments cannot effectively promote tissue regeneration for the limited antibacterial properties and the excessively fast degradation rate. Besides, they need extra tailoring according to variform defects before implantation, leading to imprecise match. This study proposed an injectable sodium alginate hydrogel composite (CTP-SA) doped with cubic cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) and polydopaminecoated titanium dioxide (TiO 2 @PDA) nanoparticles for GTR. Inspired by the gelation process of the jelly, the phase change (liquid to solid) of CTP-SA after injection could automatch variform bone defects. Meanwhile, CTP-SA exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial capabilities under blue light (BL) irradiation, including Streptococcus mutans (one of the most abundant bacteria in oral biofilms). Moreover, the reactive oxygen species released under BL excitation could accelerate the oxidation of Cu + to Cu 2+ . Afterward, osteogenesis could be enhanced through two factors simultaneously: the stimulation of newly formed Cu 2+ and the photothermal effect of CTP-SA under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. Collectively, through this dual-light (blue and NIR) noninvasive regulation, CTP-SA could switch antibacterial and osteogenic modes to address requirements of patients at different healing stages, thereby realizing the customized GTR procedures.

urea into ammonia to increase the pH around thallus to resist the destruction of gastric acid, which is also one essential cause for colonizing in the gastric mucosa chronically. [2] The virulence factors generated by H. pylori can directly act on gastric mucosa, which stimulate mucosal cells, neutrophils and macrophages to secrete plenty of inflammatory chemokines, thereby inducting severe mucosal inflammatory reactions. [3] Furthermore, activated inflammatory cells would produce excessive oxygen free radicals through respiration, leading to mitochondrial damage and protein denaturation of gastric mucosal epithelial cells, thereby causing oxidativestress-mediated gastric mucosal disruption, which further resulting in gastric diseases, such as chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer. [4] Nowadays, the antibiotic therapy dominated by clarithromycin, metronidazole or amoxicillin is used as the first-line treatment for H. pylori in the world. [5] However, for the lack of targeting property on H. pylori, the long-term use of antibiotics tends to destroy the homeostasis of intestinal flora. [6] Furthermore, although antibiotics can destroy H. pylori, it is still a formidable challenge of antibiotics to address the dysregulation of inflammation response and the impaired gastric mucosa. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new antibiotic replacement therapy to achieve the following three requirements: I. Targeting inflammation precisely and eliminating H. pylori effectively. II. Regulating hyperactive immunoreaction and repairing damaged gastric mucosa. III. Protecting intestinal flora.Herein, we have designed a metal-organic framework hydrogen-generation system (Pd(H) @ ZIF-8 @ AP) that is formed by a hydrogen-generation nanoparticle based on a metalorganic framework (Pd(H) @ ZIF-8) and the negatively charged ascorbate palmitate (AP) hydrogel (Scheme 1a), which has three advantages (Scheme 1b): I) Inflammation-targeting and multiple antibacterial properties. It has been reported that longterm colonization of H. pylori leads to chronic gastric mucosal inflammation, [7] accompanied by increased expression of positively charged proteins and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP, IV collagenase), resulting in positive charge in the inflammatory site. [8] Therefore, AP hydrogel with both negative charge Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the leading cause of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Antibiotics, as traditional method for eliminating H. pylori, have no targeting effect, which causes serious bacterial resistance and gut dysbacteriosis. Moreover, antibiotics can hardly address hyperactive inflammatory response or damaged gastric mucosal barrier caused by H. pylori infection. Here, a pH-responsive metal-organic framework hydrogen-generation nanoparticle (Pd(H) @ ZIF-8) is reported, which is encapsulated with ascorbate palmitate (AP) hydrogel. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that the outer AP hydrogel can target and adhere to the inflammatory site through electrostatic interactions,...

Osteoporosis is one of the most common diseases affecting bone metabolism. Nitric oxide (NO), an endogenous gas molecule involved in osteogenesis, can effectively promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Although exogenous NO can reverse osteoporosis to a certain extent, the transitory half-life and short diffusion radius of NO severely limit its application. In this work, a gas generation nanoplatform of NO with bone targeting property (UCPA) is developed based on the upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) that can convert 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) light into UV/blue light, and further stimulate the NO donor (BNN) to release NO. With an adjustment of the output power of the 808 nm NIR, the amount of released NO can be precisely controlled. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate the favorable affinity of UCPA to bone due to the modification of alendronate; thus, it can directly release NO in bone and reverse osteoporosis. In addition, the cellular uptake of nanocomposites and intracellular NO release can be observed in preosteoblasts, thereby promoting their differentiation efficiently.

The growing population of peri-implant diseases (PIDs) has become a public obsession, mainly due to the lack of antibacterial ability and osteogenic promotion of titanium (Ti) implants. Herein, inspired by tremella, we reported zinc oxide (ZnO)@collagen type I (Col-I)-decorated Ti for PIDs treatments. Compared with pure Ti implants, ZnO@Col-I-decorated Ti could be activated by a safe visible yellow light and showed excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. The proliferation and osteogenic gene expression of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) indicated that the triple osseointegration of implants was realized through (I) the remarkedly improved surface hydrophilicity of ZnO@Col-I-decorated Ti, (II) the function of Col-I, and (III) the excellent near-infrared (NIR)-induced photothermal performance of ZnO. Collectively, the proposed dual-light-defined ZnO@Col-I coating was a promising implant surface modification system to provide customized treatments for each PID patient.

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