Glucose concentration in the body is a very important
index for
health evaluation. Nonenzymatic glucose biosensors attract persistent
interest and research. The acupuncture technique has been developed
for treating the disease for thousands of years. Here, a stainless-steel
acupuncture needle (AN) was first used to sense glucose after functionalizing
with bimetal of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and nickel nanoparticles
(NiNPs). AuNPs were electrodeposited as particle clusters, and the
NiNPs could be further electrodeposited around AuNPs to form a nano-pinecone
shape with a size of about 600 nm. Au/AN exhibited the best electroconductivity
compared to the weakest Ni/AN and medium Ni/Au/AN interfaces. Three
nanotechnically processed interfaces showed obvious electrochemical
response behavior for glucose compared with the bare AN. Surprisingly,
the matrix of AuNPs could drastically boost the electrochemical response
of NiNPs for glucose, which might be due to the abundance of active
sites in the bimetallic hierarchy. The Ni/Au/AN electrode possessed
an additive signal compared with Au/AN and Ni/AN. Under the optimized
conditions, the prepared nonenzymatic biosensor exhibited two linear
relationships in the wide concentration range of 0.5 μM to 1.5
mM and 1.5–5 mM with sensitivities of 766.02 and 368.77 (μA/mM/cm2), and the limit of detection was 0.14 μM. Moreover,
the Ni/Au/AN showed superior performance over reported electrodes
with great selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. The apparent K
m of 0.161 mM was lower than that of glucose
oxidase, implying that the Ni/Au-modified AN exhibited a strong affinity
for glucose. The fabricated biosensor can be successfully used for
the detection of glucose concentration in human serum, which provided
a leading direction and potential for clinical point-of-care monitoring.
Determining the concentration of glutathione is crucial for developing workable medical diagnostic strategies. In this paper, we developed an electrochemical sensor by electrodepositing amino-based reactive groups and gold–platinum nanomaterials on the surface of glassy carbon electrode successively. The sensor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). Results showed that Au@Pt nanoparticles with the size of 20–40 nm were presented on the surface of electrode. The sensor exhibits excellent electrocatalytic oxidation towards glutathione. Based on this, we devised an electrochemical biosensor for rapid and sensitive detection of glutathione. After optimizing experimental and operational conditions, a linear response for the concentration of GSH, in the range of 0.1–11 μmol/L, with low detection and quantification limits of 0.051 μM (S/N = 3), were obtained. The sensor also exhibits superior selectivity, reproducibility, low cost, as well as simple preparation and can be applied in human serum sample detection.
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