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One of the limitations to the widespread use of hydrogen as an energy carrier is its storage in a safe and compact form. Herein, recent developments in effective high-capacity hydrogen storage materials are reviewed, with a special emphasis on light compounds, including those based on organic porous structures, boron, nitrogen, and aluminum. These elements and their related compounds hold the promise of high, reversible, and practical hydrogen storage capacity for mobile applications, including vehicles and portable power equipment, but also for the large scale and distributed storage of energy for stationary applications. Current understanding of the fundamental principles that govern the interaction of hydrogen with these light compounds is summarized, as well as basic strategies to meet practical targets of hydrogen uptake and release. The limitation of these strategies and current understanding is also discussed and new directions proposed.
The strong efforts devoted to the exploration of BNH compounds for hydrogen storage have led to impressive advances in the field of boron chemistry. This review summarizes progress in this field from three aspects. It starts with the most recent developments in using BNH compounds for hydrogen storage, covering NH 3 BH 3 , B 3 H 8 À containing compounds, and CBN compounds. The following section then highlights interesting applications of BNH compounds in hydrogenation and catalysis.The last part is focused on breakthroughs in the syntheses and discovery of new BNH organic analogues. The role of N-H d+ /H dÀ -B dihydrogen interactions in molecule packing, thermal hydrogen evolution, and syntheses is also discussed within the review.
Boron's unique position in the Periodic Table, that is, at the apex of the line separating metals and nonmetals, makes it highly versatile in chemical reactions and applications. Contemporary demand for renewable and clean energy as well as energy‐efficient products has seen boron playing key roles in energy‐related research, such as 1) activating and synthesizing energy‐rich small molecules, 2) storing chemical and electrical energy, and 3) converting electrical energy into light. These applications are fundamentally associated with boron's unique characteristics, such as its electron‐deficiency and the availability of an unoccupied p orbital, which allow the formation of a myriad of compounds with a wide range of chemical and physical properties. For example, boron's ability to achieve a full octet of electrons with four covalent bonds and a negative charge has led to the synthesis of a wide variety of borate anions of high chemical and electrochemical stability—in particular, weakly coordinating anions. This Review summarizes recent advances in the study of boron compounds for energy‐related processes and applications.
The strong push for electric vehicles and large-scale power storage systems has generated intense interest in rechargeable magnesium batteries due to the innate merits associated with the magnesium metal anode in terms of volumetric capacity, abundance, and operational safety. Herein, we report a novel pathway toward the development of an advanced battery containing a magnesium anode, a titanium dioxide cathode, and a magnesium borohydride/tetraglyme electrolyte, which delivers high specific capacity, as well as exceptional cycle life and rate capability. This work demonstrates the importance of compatibility of the electrochemical activities of the cathode materials and electrolytes in rechargeable Mg batteries.
Nitrogen-doped carbon coated Co3O4 nanoparticles (Co3O4@NC) with high Na-ion storage capacity and unprecedented long-life cycling stability are reported in this paper.
Sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 )i sa mong the most studied hydrogen storage materials because it is able to deliver high-purity H 2 at room temperature with controllable kinetics via hydrolysis;h owever,i ts regeneration from the hydrolytic product has been challenging.Now,afacile method is reported to regenerate NaBH 4 with high yield and lowc osts.T he hydrolytic product NaBO 2 in aqueous solution reacts with CO 2 ,forming Na 2 B 4 O 7 ·10 H 2 Oand Na 2 CO 3 ,both of which are ball-milled with Mg under ambient conditions to form NaBH 4 in high yield (close to 80 %). Compared with previous studies, this approach avoids expensive reducing agents such as MgH 2 , bypasses the energy-intensive dehydration procedure to removewater from Na 2 B 4 O 7 ·10 H 2 O, and does not require highpressure H 2 gas,therefore leading to much reduced costs.This method is expected to effectively close the loop of NaBH 4 regeneration and hydrolysis,e nabling aw ide deployment of NaBH 4 for hydrogen storage.
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