International audienceThis paper presents a novel macroelement for single vertical piles in sand developed within the hypoplasticity theory, where the incremental nonlinear constitutive equations are defined in terms of generalized forces, displacements and rotations. Inspired from the macroelement for shallow foundations of Salciarini and Tamagnini [Acta Geotechnica, 4(3):163--176, 2009], the new element adopts the intergranular displacement mutuated from Niemunis and Herle [Mechanics of Cohesive--Frictional Materials, 2:279--299, 1997] to reproduce the behavior under cyclic loading. Analytical and numerical strategies are provided to calibrate the macroelement's parameters. Comparisons with experimental results show the performance of the macroelement that while being simple and computational fast is suitable for finite element calculations and engineering design

International audienceBatter pile (or inclined pile) foundations are widely used in civil engineering structures. However, their behavior under dynamic loadings is not yet thoroughly understood. This paper presents an experimental work on the behavior of batter and vertical piles considering dynamic soil-pile-superstructure interactions. A series of dynamic centrifuge tests were performed using sinusoidal excitations. The influence of the base shaking (frequency content and amplitude) and of the height of the center of gravity of the superstructure is investigated. Seismic responses are analyzed considering the pile cap displacements and forces (total base shear, overturning and residual moments, axial forces). It is found that in certain cases batter piles play a beneficial role on the dynamic behavior of the pile foundation system. This novel experimental work provides an important database on the behavior of batter pile foundations under dynamic loadings

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Summary Batter piles are widely used in geotechnical engineering when substantial lateral resistance is needed or to avoid the interference with existing underground constructions. Nevertheless, there is a lack of fast numerical tools for nonlinear soil‐structure interactions problems for this type of foundation. A novel hypoplastic macroelement is proposed, able to reproduce the nonlinear response of a single batter pile in sand under monotonic and cyclic static loadings. The behavior of batter piles (15°, 30°, and 45°) is first numerically investigated using 3D finite element modeling and compared with the behavior of vertical piles. It is shown that their response mainly depends on the pile inclination and the loading direction. Then, starting from the macroelement for single vertical piles in sand by Li et al (Acta Geotechnica, 11(2):373‐390, 2016), an extension is proposed to take into account the pile inclination introducing simple analytical equations in the expression describing the failure surface. 3D finite element numerical models are adopted to validate the macroelement that is proven able to reproduce the nonlinear behavior in terms of global quantities (forces‐displacements) and to significantly reduce the necessary computational time.

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Batch processes inherently have multiple operation phases; different phases exhibit different characteristics. Hence, it is reasonable to partition the process into phases and build sub‐phase models for online quality prediction. To this end, a sequential phase partition method based on the information increment is proposed. To address the multiphase behaviours in batch processes, this work utilizes a new information increment index to capture the dynamic characteristics of batch processes along a time direction and divides the process into sub‐phases. Next, phase‐based multiway partial least squares (MPLS) models are built to model within‐phase characteristics and predict the quality‐related variables online. Information increment is able to exploit the process evolution by focusing on the changing variable correlations derived from two adjacent extend time slice. It directly utilizes the available process measurements of successful history batch processes without data transformation or dimensionality reduction. The method is sequential and can overcome the limits of some phase partition methods that may divide the samples with discontinuous time sequence but similar characteristics into the same phase. In addition, the information increment is capable of reflecting the change of the process intuitively with high computation efficiency. Advantages of the proposed method are illustrated by two case studies, a penicillin simulation platform and an industrial application of Escherichia coli (E. coli) fermentation, respectively.

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