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Tricin (5,7,4′‐trihydroxy‐3′,5′‐dimethoxyflavone) is a valuable secondary metabolite which is widely present in gramineous plants, including cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) (Poaceae). It can defend the rice plant against damage by the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), one of the most important pests of rice. This study was conducted to elucidate the mechanisms of action of tricin on BPH feeding behavior. BPH feeding behavior in resistant (Rathu Heenati, RHT) and susceptible (Taichuang native 1, TN1) rice varieties and artificial diets was monitored using the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique. Tricin concentrations in leaves of varieties RHT and TN1 were quantitatively analyzed by liquid chromatography, coupled to tandem mass spectrometric techniques. Six (NP and N1‐5) and four (NP, N1, N2, and N4) types of waveforms occurred during feeding on rice plants and artificial diets, respectively. The tricin concentration of rice varieties was correlated with total and average durations of N4. Moreover, EPG data indicated that tricin significantly increased the duration of non‐probing and pathway periods and strongly inhibited phloem ingestion (N4). The inhibition was strongly dose dependent, resulting in complete suppression of activity in the phloem region when the tricin concentration was increased to 1 g l−1. This study revealed that tricin disturbed the feeding behavior of BPH mainly by increasing the non‐probe period and inhibiting phloem ingestion. We confirmed the hypothesis that tricin is a ‘stylet probing stimulant’ of rice planthoppers as proposed in previous studies. The information on the ecological effect of tricin from this study may be useful to clarify the resistance mechanism against BPH of RHT and other tricin‐containing rice varieties.

Passive radiative cooling includes using the atmospheric window to emit heat energy to the cold outer space and hence reduce the temperature of objects on Earth. In most cases, radiative cooling is required in summer and suppressed in winter for thermal comfort. Recent radiative cooling materials cannot self-adjust cooling capacity according to season and environment, thus limiting their applications. In this study, we have designed a temperature-controlled phase change structure (TCPCS). The TCPCS benefits radiative coolers to adjust their cooling ability according to the ambient temperature. In the outdoor test, the TCPCS can help the cooler to turn off at low temperatures and turn on at high temperatures automatically; the coolers with and without TCPCS have maximal temperature differences of 9.7 and 19.6 °C, respectively, in a whole day. Furthermore, we have further improved and designed a V-shaped TCPCS that can simultaneously achieve the dual functions of cooling in summer and heating in winter. The TCPCS assembled here is a simple, feasible, and scalable structure for self-adaptive cooling.

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Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancer in female worldwide. The expression of high-risk human papillomavirus E7 oncogene is necessary for the maintenance of malignant phenotypes and transformation. Accumulating studies of this protein has been explored in cervical cancer, however, there are fewer studies on how E7 expression affects the expression of global circular RNA. CircRNA, a promising biomarker and even therapeutic target, has become a star molecular in research after miRNA and long non-coding RNA. Our aim of this study was to investigate the global circRNA levels modulated by HPV E7 expression and identified the potential consequences for mechanism studies. Here we investigated the expression profiles of circRNAs by transfecting E7 siRNA in Caski cells with high-throughput microarray technology. In total, we identified 526 dysregulated circRNAs with fold change ≥2 or≤0.5, and p< 0.05. Among them, 352 were up-regulated and 174 were down-regulated. In addition, 8 selected circRNAs confirmed using qRT-PCR was in line with the results of microarray analysis. Furthermore, bioinformatic analyses indicated that differently expressed circRNAs might implicate in the mTOR signaling pathway, proline metabolism and glutathione metabolism. In conclusion, this study showed the expression profiles of circRNAs regulated by HPV16 E7 in cervical cancer cells and provides novel insights into the new potential candidates for future mechanism studies.

In the data of the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding on board the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Mars Express (MEX), a distinctive type of signals (called the “epsilon signature”), which is similar to that previously detected during radio sounding of the terrestrial F region ionosphere, is found. The signature is interpreted to originate from multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves propagating along sounder pulse‐created, crustal magnetic field‐aligned plasma bubbles (waveguides). The signatures have a low (below 0.5%) occurrence rate and apparent cutoff frequencies 3–5 times higher than the theoretical one for an ordinary mode wave. These properties are explained by the influence of the perpendicular ionospheric plasma density gradient and the sounder pulse frequency on the formation of waveguides.