Abstract. This review gives a summary about the application of enzyme assisted extraction in natural products, especially, the mechanism of enzyme assisted extraction and its further improvement. The target of this review is to find the potential value of biotechnology for industrial application.
Dual-atom
catalysts (DACs) are promising candidates for
various
catalytic reactions, including electrocatalysis, chemical synthesis,
and environmental remediation. However, the high-activity origin and
mechanism underlying intrinsic activity enhancement remain elusive,
especially for the Fenton-like reaction. Herein, we systematically
compared the catalytic performance of dual-atom FeCo–N/C with
its single-atom counterparts by activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS)
for pollutant abatement. The unusual spin-state reconstruction on
FeCo–N/C is demonstrated to effectively improve the electronic
structure of Fe and Co in the d orbital and enhance the PMS activation
efficiency. Accordingly, the dual-atom FeCo–N/C with an intermediate-spin
state remarkably boosts the Fenton-like reaction by almost 1 order
of magnitude compared with low-spin Co–N/C and high-spin Fe–N/C.
Moreover, the established dual-atom-activated PMS system also exhibits
excellent stability and robust resistance against harsh conditions.
Combined theoretical calculations reveal that unlike unitary Co atom
or Fe atom transferring electrons to the PMS molecule, the Fe atom
of FeCo–N/C provides extra electrons to the neighboring Co
atom and positively shifts the d band of the Co center, thereby optimizing
the PMS adsorption and decomposition into a unique high-valent FeIV–O–CoIV species via a low-energy
barrier pathway. This work advances a conceptually novel mechanistic
understanding of the enhanced catalytic activity of DACs in Fenton-like
reactions and helps to expand the application of DACs in various catalytic
reactions.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.