The poor mechanical properties and disadvantages of catalysts limit the application of self-healing materials. To address these issues, catalyst-free self-healing bio-based polymers (AESO−EMPA polymers) with robust mechanical properties were prepared using epoxidized maleopimaric anhydride (EMPA) and aminated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO). The AESO−EMPA polymers are recyclable and exhibit self-healing and shape memory because of the dual-dynamic network of multiple H-bonds and dynamic ester bonds in the structure. Under the synergistic catalysis of the tertiary amines and hydroxyl groups originated from the polymers, the polymers in this study achieve network rearrangement without the need for additional catalysts. The polymers also exhibit excellent mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 29.1 ± 0.25 MPa and a T g of 80.2 °C owing to the unique rigid backbone of rosin and the dual-dynamic network. The AESO−EMPA polymers can be used as reusable adhesives and exhibit excellent shear strength and repair rates.
The application of carbon fiber-reinforced composites (CFRCs) is limited owing to the difficulty of chemically recycling carbon fibers (CFs). To address this problem, we cured tung oil-based triglycidyl ester (TOTGE) with menthane diamine (MDA) in order to obtain a chemically degradable bio-based vitrimer matrix. The obtained vitrimer matrix could undergo a dynamic transesterification reaction catalyzed by the tertiary amines generated from the curing reaction. The TOTGE−MDA vitrimer matrix shows excellent self-healing performance, physical reprocessing, and shape memory properties. Meanwhile, CFRCs based on the TOTGE−MDA vitrimer matrix also exhibited excellent reprocessing, self-adhesive, and shape memory properties. The CFRC underwent rapid chemical degradation with ethanolamine at 90 °C. The performance of the recycled CFs was similar to that of the virgin CFs. This work provides an effective solution to facilitate the sustainable development of CFRCs.
Abstract. This review gives a summary about the application of enzyme assisted extraction in natural products, especially, the mechanism of enzyme assisted extraction and its further improvement. The target of this review is to find the potential value of biotechnology for industrial application.
Compound 3a showed excellent herbicidal activity against barnyard grass with IC50 = 7.0 mg L−1, and exhibited good selection for rice, wheat, and radish at 100 mg L−1.
Rosin is an important forestry resource with a specific three-membered phenanthrene ring structure, which can improve the mechanical resistance of polymer coatings. In this paper, a high purity rosin monomer, tri-allyl maleopimarate containing three allyl groups has been synthesized. The yield of the monomer product was 93.2% with the purity of 96.1%. The structure of the synthesized monomer was characterized through gas chromatography (GC), mass spectrometry (MS), hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR) and elemental analysis. Additionally, we present new experimental results regarding the polymerization reaction under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The cured film of tri-allyl maleopimarate exhibited good mechanical properties. The films were also characterized through thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses and a mechanism for polymerization was proposed. Overall, a facile catalytic process for the valorization of rosin in the field of UV polymerization is reported.
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