A series of novel anthranilic diamide derivatives (5a–5ab) containing moieties of trifluoromethylpyridine
and hydrazone was
designed and synthesized. The synthesized compounds were evaluated
in vivo for their activities against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and
cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Most of the synthesized compounds displayed
good to excellent antiviral activities. The compounds 5i, 5k, 5s, 5w, 5x, and 5z had the curative activity over 65% against
TMV at the concentration of 500 μg/mL, which were significantly
higher than those of ningnanmycin (55.0%) and ribavirin (37.9%). Notably,
the curative activity of compound 5i was up to 79.5%,
with the EC50 value of 75.9 μg/mL, whereas the EC50 value of ningnanmycin was 362.4 μg/mL. The pot experiments
also further demonstrated the significantly curative effect of 5i. Meanwhile, compounds 5h, 5p and 5x displayed more protective activities on TMV than that of
ningnanmycin. Moreover, compounds 5a, 5e, 5f, and 5i showed inactivation activity
similar to ningnanmycin at 500 μg/mL, and the EC50 value of 5e (41.5 μg/mL) was lower than ningnanmycin
(50.0 μg/mL). The findings of transmission electron microscopic
(TEM) indicated that the synthesized compounds exhibited strong and
significant binding affinity to TMV coat protein (CP) and could obstruct
the self-assembly and increment of TMV particles. Microscale thermophoresis
(MST) studies on TMV-CP and CMV CP revealed that some of the active
compounds, particularly 5i, exhibited a strong binding
capability to TMV-CP or CMV-CP. This study revealed that anthranilic
diamide derivatives containing moieties of trifluoromethylpyridine
and hydrazone could be used as novel antiviral agents for controlling
the plant viruses.